Publication: La racionalización formal y material del derecho:un análisis filosófico sobre activismo judicial, democracia y división de poderes
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2019-02-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Somos todos conscientes de que la acelerada expansión jurídica, la demanda de justicia, el protagonismo del poder judicial y su creciente influencia en la vida cotidiana de las personas son hechos políticos, quizás algunos de los más importantes de este siglo,y, por lo tanto, deben ser analizados, discutidos y no ignorados. El famoso libro de Ran Hirschl, Towards Juristocracy, The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitucionalism, publicado por Harvard en 2004, que utilizamos aquí para tratar del tema del nuevo constitucionalismo, traza ese movimiento mundial de intensificación de transferencia de poder de las instituciones representativas a los órganos judiciales, al que él llama de juristocracia. El fenómeno consiste básicamente en los condicionamientos que las decisiones judiciales suponen para los actores políticos, que ven restringido deforma considerable el campo de su actuación basada en reglas de mayorías democráticas.Sin embargo, el nuevo constitucionalismo, que atiende muchas veces aspectos de la vida política comprometidos por los acuerdos internacionales vinculantes, no es el único fenómeno que muestra la profunda transformación de la presencia de la judicatura, en todos sus niveles, sobre la vida democrática de nuestras sociedades. Junto a él, tenemos la extrema judicialización de la vida política, que es un síntoma de la profunda incapacidad de la clase política para resolver y regular sus propios conflictos internos y asumir criterios estrictamente políticos de responsabilidad, por lo que problemas propios de su esfera van a parar a cuerpos judiciales que de esta manera se convierten en mediadores políticos. Y de forma expresamente simétrica a esta judicialización de la política, observamos una politización de la judicatura. En efecto, conscientes todos los actores de la mayor incidencia y peso de la justicia en la vida democrática, todos los actores políticos se entregan a una pulsión de influir en los nombramientos de jueces y fiscales, intentando disminuir su independencia para así prever un trato favorable cuando esas mismas instancias, bien por las imposiciones del nuevo constitucionalismo, bien por la judicialización de la política, tengan que decir sobre asuntos que les conciernen...
We are all aware that the accelerated legal expansion, the demand for justice, the leading role of the judiciary and its growing influence in the daily life of people are political facts, perhaps some of the most important of this century, and, therefore, must be analyzed, discussed and not ignored. The famous book by Ran Hirschl, Towards Juristocracy, The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism, published by Harvard in 2004, that we use here to deal with the topic of the new constitutionalism traces that worldwide movement of intensification of the transfer of power from the representative institutions to the judiciaries, which he calls juristocracy. The phenomenon consists basically of the conditions that the judicial decisions imply for the political actors, who see considerably restricted the field of their action based on rules of democratic majorities. However, the new constitutionalism, which often deals with aspects of political life committed by binding international agreements, is not the only phenomenon that shows the profound transformation of the presence of the judiciary, at all levels, on the democratic life of our societies. Together with it, we have the extreme judicialization of political life, which is a symptom of the deep incapacity of the political class to resolve and regulate its own internal conflicts and assume strictly political criteria of responsibility, so that problems of its own sphere are transferred to the judiciary that in this way becomes a political mediator. And in an expressly symmetrical way to this judicialization of politics, we observe a politicization of the judiciary...
We are all aware that the accelerated legal expansion, the demand for justice, the leading role of the judiciary and its growing influence in the daily life of people are political facts, perhaps some of the most important of this century, and, therefore, must be analyzed, discussed and not ignored. The famous book by Ran Hirschl, Towards Juristocracy, The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism, published by Harvard in 2004, that we use here to deal with the topic of the new constitutionalism traces that worldwide movement of intensification of the transfer of power from the representative institutions to the judiciaries, which he calls juristocracy. The phenomenon consists basically of the conditions that the judicial decisions imply for the political actors, who see considerably restricted the field of their action based on rules of democratic majorities. However, the new constitutionalism, which often deals with aspects of political life committed by binding international agreements, is not the only phenomenon that shows the profound transformation of the presence of the judiciary, at all levels, on the democratic life of our societies. Together with it, we have the extreme judicialization of political life, which is a symptom of the deep incapacity of the political class to resolve and regulate its own internal conflicts and assume strictly political criteria of responsibility, so that problems of its own sphere are transferred to the judiciary that in this way becomes a political mediator. And in an expressly symmetrical way to this judicialization of politics, we observe a politicization of the judiciary...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, leída el 04-09-2018