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Physico-chemical properties of the atmospheric aerosols in urban and rural areas in southern Europe

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2019-02-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Some of the properties that play a relevant role in the understanding of processes related to the formation and evolution of particles once they have been emitted into the atmosphere and their source apportionment are still poorly known. Chemical composition is a fundamental aerosol property that determines not only its physico-chemical behavior and its effects on air quality and human health,but also plays a determining role in optical properties having important consequences on Earth’s radiative balance by scattering and absorbing sunlight and modifying cloud characteristics. In order to develop effective strategies for the prevention, control and abatement of particulate pollution, the major emission sources and processes leading to aerosol formation in the atmosphere need to be identified and characterized. This thesis is aiming to characterize major ambient aerosol compounds and their time evolution linked to variations in aerosol sources and meteorology conditions. Different geographical and emission scenarios have been studied in an urban background area of Madrid, a trac site located in that city and a station placed in a rural area of the south of Spain. These three sites can be representative of urban and rural areas in Southern Europe, with similar natural and anthropogenic features. An important contribution of this thesis is the experimental approach and instrumental techniques used to characterize the aerosol composition that represent the state-of-the-art on worldwide aerosol studies. These techniques are based on an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor(ACSM) and an Aethalometer...
Algunas de las propiedades que desempeñan un papel relevante en el conocimiento de los procesos relacionados con la formaciĂ³n y evoluciĂ³n de partĂ­culas una vez emitidas a la atmĂ³sfera y sus fuentes, estĂ¡n aĂºn por conocer. La composiciĂ³n quĂ­mica es una propiedad fundamental del aerosol que determina no solo su comportamiento fĂ­sico-quĂ­mico y sus efectos en la calidad del aire y la salud humana, sino que tambiĂ©n es determinante en las propiedades Ă³pticas con importantes consecuencias en el balance radiativo terrestre dispersando y absorbiendo luz solar, y modificandolas caracterĂ­sticas de las nubes. Para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevenciĂ³n, control y reducciĂ³n de la contaminaciĂ³n atmosfĂ©rica, es necesario identificar y caracterizar las principales fuentes de emisiĂ³n y procesos que conducen a la formaciĂ³n de aerosoles en la atmĂ³sfera.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo caracterizar los principales componentes quĂ­micos del aerosol atmosfĂ©rico y su evoluciĂ³n temporal relacionada con las distintas fuentes de aerosoles y condiciones meteorolĂ³gicas. Se han estudiado diferentes escenarios geogrĂ¡ficos y de emisiĂ³n en una estaciĂ³n de fondo urbano y una estaciĂ³n de trĂ¡fico localizadas en Madrid y una estaciĂ³n situada en una zona rural del sur de España. Estos tres sitios pueden ser representativos de Ă¡reas urbanas y rurales del surde Europa, con caracterĂ­sticas naturales y antropogĂ©nicas similares. Una importante contribuciĂ³n de esta tesis es la aproximaciĂ³n experimental y las tĂ©cnicas instrumentales utilizadas para caracterizarla composiciĂ³n de los aerosoles, que representan el estado del arte actual a nivel mundial en estudios de aerosoles. Estas tĂ©cnicas se basan en el uso de un Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)y un Aethalometro...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias FĂ­sicas, Departamento de FĂ­sica de la Tierra, AstronomĂ­a y AstrofĂ­sica, leĂ­da el 08-06-2018
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