Publication: Hacia otra forma de envejecer: estereotipos y realidades de la vejez en España
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2019-02-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La esperanza de vida de los españoles ha aumentado muchísimo. En el año 1900 era sólo de 45 años para los hombres y 48 para las mujeres. Hoy día, con los últimos avances de la Ciencia y de la Medicina, llegar a centenario puede ser habitual en el siglo XXI. La edad es un constructo social. Lo propio de cada edad se construye dependiendo del momento histórico de cada época. En la sociedad española actual la vejez es considerada como algo negativo y carga con unas connotaciones peyorativas que la mayoría de las veces responden a estereotipos que es necesario esclarecer y desenmascarar, para derribarlos. Tras mencionar los prejuicios existentes contra las personas mayores: ancianismo, gerontofobia y edadismo, hemos analizado los principales mitos asociados a la vejez: mito del envejecimiento cronológico, de la improductividad, del desasimiento, descompromiso o desvinculación, de la inflexibilidad, de la senilidad y enfermedad, mito de la serenidad, de la mayor religiosidad, de que no se enfrentan a los cambios del envejecimiento, mito de la decadencia intelectual, de la soledad y el aislamiento, de la sexualidad en dos dimensiones: el desinterés por la sexualidad y el interés por ella, con la consideración de viejo verde, mito de la vejez desgraciada y sobrevaloración de la juventud, de estar siempre malhumorados, y mito de la sabiduría...
The life expectancy of the Spanish population has increased dramatically. In the 1900s life expectancy was only of 45 years old for men and 48 for women. In the 21st century, with the last scientific and medical advances, reaching the age of a hundred years old may become usual. Age is a social construct. That which is right for each age is constructed depending on the historical period. Nowadays, in the Spanish society, old age is considered as something negative and with pejorative connotations which are often the result of stereotypes which need clarification and unmasking in order to counterargue them.Having mentioned the existing prejudices against old people: ageism and gerontophobia, the main myths regarding old age have been analyzed, this is to say: myths of chronological aging, myth of detachment, myth of low-commitment, myth of decoupling, myth of unproductivity, myth of low compromise, myth of inflexibility, myth of senility and sickness, myth of serenity, myth of developing a greater religiosity, myth of not confronting the changes implied by old age, myth of intellectual decadency, myth of solitude and isolation, myth of sexuality in two dimensions: the loss of interest and the arousal of interest, with the consequent consideration of dirty old man, myth of disgraceful old age, myth of overpraising young age, myth of continuous bad temper and myth of wisdom...
The life expectancy of the Spanish population has increased dramatically. In the 1900s life expectancy was only of 45 years old for men and 48 for women. In the 21st century, with the last scientific and medical advances, reaching the age of a hundred years old may become usual. Age is a social construct. That which is right for each age is constructed depending on the historical period. Nowadays, in the Spanish society, old age is considered as something negative and with pejorative connotations which are often the result of stereotypes which need clarification and unmasking in order to counterargue them.Having mentioned the existing prejudices against old people: ageism and gerontophobia, the main myths regarding old age have been analyzed, this is to say: myths of chronological aging, myth of detachment, myth of low-commitment, myth of decoupling, myth of unproductivity, myth of low compromise, myth of inflexibility, myth of senility and sickness, myth of serenity, myth of developing a greater religiosity, myth of not confronting the changes implied by old age, myth of intellectual decadency, myth of solitude and isolation, myth of sexuality in two dimensions: the loss of interest and the arousal of interest, with the consequent consideration of dirty old man, myth of disgraceful old age, myth of overpraising young age, myth of continuous bad temper and myth of wisdom...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Filosofía y Sociedad, leída el 14/12/2018