Publication: Inhibidores de la coestimulación inmune en cáncer
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2017-02
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Abstract
El cáncer consigue escapar a la respuesta inmune de nuestro organismo gracias a las denominadas señales coinhibidoras. Las células cancerosas, tras ser detectadas por los linfocitos, son capaces de expresar en su superficie receptores de membrana que interaccionan con otros receptores en las células T desencadenando la inhibición de la respuesta inmune. Con el fin de evitar esto, se han desarrollado los inhibidores de la coestimulación inmune, anticuerpos monoclonales que bloquean dichas moléculas de superficie impidiendo su interacción y pudiéndose entonces desarrollar una respuesta inmune completa. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las dianas moleculares de estos fármacos, las rutas coinhibitorias, el estado actual de la terapéutica de los mismos y las diferentes vías de investigación que presumen el descubrimiento de nuevos inhibidores de la coestimulación.
Cancer is able to escape from de immune response because of signals called coinhibitory signals. After cancer’s cells are detected by lymphocytes, they modulate the expression of surface receptors which interact with T cells spreading the inhibition of the immune response. To avoid that, immune checkpoints inhibitors have been developed. They are monoclonal antibodies that try to blockage these surface receptors, resulting on no inhibitory interaction between T cells and cancer cells and developing a complete immune response. The aim of this review is to analyse molecular targets, coinhibition pathways, the therapeutic usage of these drugs and the new research lines that promise the finding of new immune checkpoints inhibitors.
Cancer is able to escape from de immune response because of signals called coinhibitory signals. After cancer’s cells are detected by lymphocytes, they modulate the expression of surface receptors which interact with T cells spreading the inhibition of the immune response. To avoid that, immune checkpoints inhibitors have been developed. They are monoclonal antibodies that try to blockage these surface receptors, resulting on no inhibitory interaction between T cells and cancer cells and developing a complete immune response. The aim of this review is to analyse molecular targets, coinhibition pathways, the therapeutic usage of these drugs and the new research lines that promise the finding of new immune checkpoints inhibitors.