Publication: Mujeres sin hogar y redes sociales: visibilidad y autopercepción
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2019-02-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente investigación doctoral pretende visibilizar un sector de la población injustamente olvidado y omitido: las Mujeres Sin Hogar (MSH). La situación de sinhogarismo suele estar muy estereotipada y representada por una única cara o perfil. El imaginario social, cuando piensa en una persona sinhogar, mayoritariamente se remite a una figura masculina. Sin embargo, la realidad de las personas sin hogar es muy diversa. Ellas son las olvidadas dentro de los olvidados. Apenas se ven o se cuantifican, pero existen. Por ello, esta investigación pretende cumplir con los siguientes objetivos: conocer los prejuicios de las mujeres sin hogar respecto de la tecnología; saber el grado de conocimiento de las mujeres sin hogar sobre internet y las redes sociales; investigar el uso cotidiano que las mujeres hacen de internet y las redes sociales; establecer diferencias o similitudes, en su relación con las redes, entre mujeres sin problemas de exclusión y mujeres sin hogar; conocer el grado de aceptación que tienen las redes sociales en las mujeres sin hogar; y averiguar qué conocen las mujeres sin problemas de exclusión sobre el grupo concreto de mujeres en riesgo de exclusión. La metodología empleada para conseguirlo es una combinación de investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Para la primera parte, elaboramos una encuesta original, que fue contestada por 630 Mujeres Sin Riesgo de Exclusión (MSRE), de entre 19 y 70 años de edad, de nacionalidad española en su gran mayoría (aunque también hay 16 nacionalidades más), con un alto nivel de estudios, con trabajo a jornada completa o estudiantes, sobre todo. Para la segunda parte, la muestra de entrevistas se compone de 16 Mujeres Sin Hogar (MSH), que asisten a un centro de día para personas sin hogar y en riesgo de exclusión, en el que se realizan talleres de inserción socio laboral, del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. La escasa visibilidad de mujeres en este tipo de recursos, en comparación con sus compañeros varones, hace que se trate de un número muy considerable de testimonios y una investigación sin precedentes. A partir de los resultados, proponemos un Decálogo ético, con el fin de que los valores elegidos se materialicen en la actividad diaria de los talleres de inserción socio-laboral. En las conclusiones más importantes, afirmamos que los prejuicios e inseguridades de base que poseen las MSH, debido a su socialización de género, sumados a encontrarse en una situación deexclusión, condicionan su manera de posicionarse frente al mundo digital. Encontrarse aisladas también en el entorno digital, las debilita y contribuye a su exclusión social. Conocer el manejo de internet y las redes sociales puede contribuir, no solucionar, a su integración social y laboral. Las mujeres en riesgo de exclusión son las grandes olvidadas e invisibles de nuestra realidad social. No están en las calles, no están en los datos. No son visibles, y lo que no se ve en una sociedad que se rige tanto por la imagen, no existe. De ahí la importancia de hacerse un hueco en la realidad social digital, enfrentarse a ella como sujetos activos creadoras de contenido. Generando un espacio propio, y común al mismo tiempo con otros sujetos que les hagan sentirse parte de un entramado social.
The present doctoral research aims to make visible a sector of the population unjustly forgotten and omitted: the Homeless Women. The situation of homelessness is usually very stereotyped and represented by a single face or profile. The social imaginary, when thinking of a person without a home, mostly refers to a male figure. However, the reality of the homeless is very diverse. Homeless Women are the forgotten ones among the forgotten. They are barely seen or quantified, but they exist. Therefore, this research aims to meet the following objectives: know the prejudices of homeless women regarding technology; distinguish the degree of knowledge of homeless women about the internet and social networks; investigate the daily use that women make of the internet and social networks; establish differences or similarities, in their relationship with networks, between women without problems of exclusion and homeless women; recognize the degree of acceptance that social networks have in homeless women; and find out what women know without problems of exclusion on the specific group of women at risk of exclusion. The methodology used to achieve this is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. For the first part, we elaborated an original survey, which was answered by 630 Women Without Risk of Exclusion, between 19 and 70 years of age, of Spanish nationality in its great majority, although with 16 nationalities plus a high level of studies, with work or full time or students, above all. For the second part, the sample of interviews is composed of 16 Homeless Women, which offers a day center for the homeless and at risk of exclusion, in which labor integration workshops are carried out by the City Council of Madrid. The low visibility of women in this type of resources, compared to their male colleagues, makes it a very considerable number of testimonies and an unprecedented investigation. Based on the results, we propose an ethical Decalogue, so that the chosen values materialize in the daily activity of the socio-labor insertion workshops. In the most important conclusions, we affirm that the prejudices and the basic insecurities that the Homeless Women have, due to their socialization of gender, what most deserves us in a situation of exclusion, condition their way of positioning themselves in front of the digital world. Being also in the digital environment weakens them and contributes to their social exclusion. Knowing how to use the Internet and social networks can contribute, not solve, to their social and work integration. Women at risk of exclusion are the great forgotten and invisible of our social reality. They are not in the streets; they are not in the data. They are not visible, and what is not seen in a society that is governed so much by the image does not exist. Hence is the importance of gaining a foothold in digital social reality, confronting it as active creators of content. Generating a space of their own, and common at the same time with other subjects that make them feel part of a social network.
The present doctoral research aims to make visible a sector of the population unjustly forgotten and omitted: the Homeless Women. The situation of homelessness is usually very stereotyped and represented by a single face or profile. The social imaginary, when thinking of a person without a home, mostly refers to a male figure. However, the reality of the homeless is very diverse. Homeless Women are the forgotten ones among the forgotten. They are barely seen or quantified, but they exist. Therefore, this research aims to meet the following objectives: know the prejudices of homeless women regarding technology; distinguish the degree of knowledge of homeless women about the internet and social networks; investigate the daily use that women make of the internet and social networks; establish differences or similarities, in their relationship with networks, between women without problems of exclusion and homeless women; recognize the degree of acceptance that social networks have in homeless women; and find out what women know without problems of exclusion on the specific group of women at risk of exclusion. The methodology used to achieve this is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. For the first part, we elaborated an original survey, which was answered by 630 Women Without Risk of Exclusion, between 19 and 70 years of age, of Spanish nationality in its great majority, although with 16 nationalities plus a high level of studies, with work or full time or students, above all. For the second part, the sample of interviews is composed of 16 Homeless Women, which offers a day center for the homeless and at risk of exclusion, in which labor integration workshops are carried out by the City Council of Madrid. The low visibility of women in this type of resources, compared to their male colleagues, makes it a very considerable number of testimonies and an unprecedented investigation. Based on the results, we propose an ethical Decalogue, so that the chosen values materialize in the daily activity of the socio-labor insertion workshops. In the most important conclusions, we affirm that the prejudices and the basic insecurities that the Homeless Women have, due to their socialization of gender, what most deserves us in a situation of exclusion, condition their way of positioning themselves in front of the digital world. Being also in the digital environment weakens them and contributes to their social exclusion. Knowing how to use the Internet and social networks can contribute, not solve, to their social and work integration. Women at risk of exclusion are the great forgotten and invisible of our social reality. They are not in the streets; they are not in the data. They are not visible, and what is not seen in a society that is governed so much by the image does not exist. Hence is the importance of gaining a foothold in digital social reality, confronting it as active creators of content. Generating a space of their own, and common at the same time with other subjects that make them feel part of a social network.
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 14/12/2018