Publication: El sentido de ser víctima y la víctima como sentido: tecnologías de enunciación de la violencia de género
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2019-02-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es mejorar el conocimiento sobre la violencia contra las mujeres en el ámbito de la pareja heterosexual. En España este tipo de violencia se ha denominado como violencia de género y se ha constituido como el paradigma hegemónico en la interpretación del problema desde el año 2005. La investigación trata de profundizar en los dispositivos y las tecnologías de gobierno que influyen en los procesos de sujeción de las mujeres afectadas: las mujeres víctimas. De este modo nos preguntamos por cuál es el sentido de ser víctima de violencia de género. Se indaga en los contextos y procesos discursivos que intervienen en esta construcción de sentido y subjetividad; sobre todo en los procesos relativos al reconocimiento público y el papel de la denuncia al maltratador. Se ha planteado una investigación cualitativa, fundamentada en el análisis sociológico del discurso bajo un enfoque foucaultiano, a partir del examen de textos institucionales y datos estadísticos, entrevistas a personas expertas (25), asociaciones (8 entidades), 1 historia de vida y 23 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres afectadas por la violencia (de las cuales 12 denunciaron y otras 12 mujeres no lo hicieron). La tesis se divide en tres partes. La primera de ella profundiza en las implicaciones de la epistemología feminista y su aplicación práctica en la investigación. La segunda considera el eje poder-verdad-discurso a partir del estudio del régimen de verdad contemporáneo. Por ello se presta atención a las luchas tecnocientíficas por definir y gobernar el problema. Existen importantes conflictos entre los hallazgos feministas y el cientificismo reduccionista carente de perspectiva de género. Éste último, junto con los enfoques antifeministas, cuestionan la perspectiva feminista dentro de las disciplinas que toman como objeto la violencia en el ámbito de la pareja. En esta segunda parte se recorre la aproximación sociológica y su constitución como campo de investigación; las aportaciones realizadas desde las teorías feministas y las posibilidades del enfoque de la ecología social; y algunos saberes específicos como son la propuesta de Walker, los estudios tipológicos sobre víctimas y maltratadores, y los estudios de masculinidades. En último lugar se examina la participación de los actores internacionales en la pugna por nombrar la violencia y gubernamentalidad supranacional; así como la producción estadística sobre la violencia en este ámbito. En estos dos últimos bloques de saber dominan los conocimientos psicomédicos y judiciales, que son los que predominan en las políticas públicas y en la producción de datos cuantitativistas. Ello favorece el discurso de la emergencia y la securitización del problema...
The main objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to improve knowledge about violence against women in the heterosexual couple from a feminist sociological perspective. In Spain, this type of violence has been called “gender violence” and it has been the hegemonic paradigm in the interpretation of the problem since 2005. The research seeks to analyze the mechanisms and technologies of government that influence the processes of subjection of women affected by such violence: women-victims. Thus, we ask what is it being a victim of “gender violence”. Discursive contexts and processes that intervene in this construction of sense and subjectivity are investigated; especially processes related to public recognition and the role of the womens’ report of the abusers. In order to fulfill the objectives a qualitative research has been proposed. It is based on the sociological analysis of discourse under a foucauldian approach. The main techniques are the examination of institutional texts, statistical data, interviews with experts (25), associations (8 organizations), 1 life story and 23 in-depth interviews with women affected by violence (12 reported and 12 others did not). The dissertation is divided into three main parts. The first of them delves into the implications of feminist epistemology and its practical application in research. The second one considers the power-truth-discourse axis. It has been analyzed according to the contemporary regime of truth/knowledge. Key techno-scientific struggles to define and govern the problem have been identified. There are important conflicts between feminist findings and reductionist scientificism devoid of gender perspective. The latter, together with antifeminist approaches, question the feminist perspective within the disciplines that take intimate partner violence as an object of study. The course proposed goes through the sociological approach and its constitution as a field of research; the contributions made from feminist theories and the possibilities of the social ecology approach; and some specific knowledge such as Walker's proposal, typological studies on victims and abusers, and masculinities' studies. Lastly, the participation of international actors in the struggle to name this violence and supranational governmentality is examined; as well as the statistical production of data. Psychomedical and judicial knowledge are dominant. Thus, they predominate in public policies and in the production of quantitative data. This favors the emergency discourse and the securitization of the problem...
The main objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to improve knowledge about violence against women in the heterosexual couple from a feminist sociological perspective. In Spain, this type of violence has been called “gender violence” and it has been the hegemonic paradigm in the interpretation of the problem since 2005. The research seeks to analyze the mechanisms and technologies of government that influence the processes of subjection of women affected by such violence: women-victims. Thus, we ask what is it being a victim of “gender violence”. Discursive contexts and processes that intervene in this construction of sense and subjectivity are investigated; especially processes related to public recognition and the role of the womens’ report of the abusers. In order to fulfill the objectives a qualitative research has been proposed. It is based on the sociological analysis of discourse under a foucauldian approach. The main techniques are the examination of institutional texts, statistical data, interviews with experts (25), associations (8 organizations), 1 life story and 23 in-depth interviews with women affected by violence (12 reported and 12 others did not). The dissertation is divided into three main parts. The first of them delves into the implications of feminist epistemology and its practical application in research. The second one considers the power-truth-discourse axis. It has been analyzed according to the contemporary regime of truth/knowledge. Key techno-scientific struggles to define and govern the problem have been identified. There are important conflicts between feminist findings and reductionist scientificism devoid of gender perspective. The latter, together with antifeminist approaches, question the feminist perspective within the disciplines that take intimate partner violence as an object of study. The course proposed goes through the sociological approach and its constitution as a field of research; the contributions made from feminist theories and the possibilities of the social ecology approach; and some specific knowledge such as Walker's proposal, typological studies on victims and abusers, and masculinities' studies. Lastly, the participation of international actors in the struggle to name this violence and supranational governmentality is examined; as well as the statistical production of data. Psychomedical and judicial knowledge are dominant. Thus, they predominate in public policies and in the production of quantitative data. This favors the emergency discourse and the securitization of the problem...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 13/12/2018