Publication: Efectos postnatales de la variación de peso al nacimiento en el cerdo ibérico
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2019-04-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La optimización de la rentabilidad en la producción porcina se basa principalmente en el aumento de los kilos de carne producidos por cerda y año y en la obtención de la mayor homogeneidad posible en los lotes de crecimiento y sacrificio. Para ello, en razas comerciales genéticamente seleccionadas, se ha buscado el aumento del número de lechones por camada. Sin embargo, las camadas con un alto número de lechones se ven penalizadas por aumentos en la variabilidad de peso al nacimiento y por un mayor porcentaje de lechones con bajo peso al nacimiento, debido a procesos de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino que confirman la importancia del ambiente prenatal. Los lechones de bajo peso al nacimiento se ven afectados por mayores tasas de mortalidad y por alteraciones en su desarrollo y su metabolismo postnatal que pueden afectar a la calidad de la carne y la canal. Todos estos procesos son perjudiciales para la rentabilidad de la explotación porcina.Los efectos de la variabilidad intracamada y el bajo peso al nacimiento no han sido estudiados en profundidad en cerdos de razas tradicionales, como el cerdo ibérico. El cerdo ibérico es originario de la Península Ibérica y es especialmente valorado por sus productos cárnicos de alta calidad. Esta raza de cerdo graso ha sido escasamente seleccionada y se ha criado en condiciones extensivas durante siglos, por lo que presenta menores rendimientos productivos y reproductivos y un mayor problema de heterogeneidad que las razas magras, así como una diferente fisiología que caracteriza y condiciona su producción...
The optimization of profitability in swine production is mainly based on the increase in the kg of meat produced per sow and year and on the homogeneity in the growth and slaughter batches. Thus, in genetically selected commercial breeds, the increase in the number of piglets per litter has been sought. However, litters with a high number of piglets are penalized by increases in birth-weight variability and by a higher percentage of piglets with low birth-weight, due to intrauterine growth restriction processes, which confirm the importance of the prenatal environment. Low birth-weight piglets are affected by higher mortality rates and by alterations in their development and postnatal metabolism, which can affect the carcass and meat quality. All these processes are harmful to the pig farm profitability.The effects of within-litter variability and low birth-weight have never been studied in traditional pig breeds, such as the Iberian pig. The Iberian pig is native to the Iberian Peninsula and especially valued for its high-quality meat products. This fatty pig breed has been scarcely selected and bred in extensive conditions for centuries, showing lower productive and reproductive yields and a greater heterogeneity than lean breeds, as well as different physiological features that characterizes and determines its production...
The optimization of profitability in swine production is mainly based on the increase in the kg of meat produced per sow and year and on the homogeneity in the growth and slaughter batches. Thus, in genetically selected commercial breeds, the increase in the number of piglets per litter has been sought. However, litters with a high number of piglets are penalized by increases in birth-weight variability and by a higher percentage of piglets with low birth-weight, due to intrauterine growth restriction processes, which confirm the importance of the prenatal environment. Low birth-weight piglets are affected by higher mortality rates and by alterations in their development and postnatal metabolism, which can affect the carcass and meat quality. All these processes are harmful to the pig farm profitability.The effects of within-litter variability and low birth-weight have never been studied in traditional pig breeds, such as the Iberian pig. The Iberian pig is native to the Iberian Peninsula and especially valued for its high-quality meat products. This fatty pig breed has been scarcely selected and bred in extensive conditions for centuries, showing lower productive and reproductive yields and a greater heterogeneity than lean breeds, as well as different physiological features that characterizes and determines its production...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, leída el 14-12-2018