Publication: Biología y control de la garrapata "Hyalomma lusitanicum"
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2019-04-29
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La incidencia y distribución geográfica de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores ha aumentado en las últimas décadas como consecuencia de un proceso multifactorial que incluye el cambio climático, ecológico y social, lo que condiciona el mayor riesgo de exposición a los vectores. Entre éstos, destacan las garrapatas, que son el principal vector biológico en sanidad animal. Es tan elevado el grado de adaptación de los agentes a su garrapata-vector, y de ésta a sus hospedadores y al medio, que es muy difícil establecer una única medida que evite el riesgo de transmisión. Una de las medidas de prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas es el control de los vectores que, hoy en día, sugiere la necesidad de establecer un control integrado combinando distintas estrategias para lograr mantener el riesgo dentro de un límite razonable. Dado que las referencias específicas del control de garrapatas mesomediterráneas son escasas y parciales, nos propusimos abordar su control. El estudio se desarrolló en una finca cinegética de gestión ecológica, y se centró en Hyalomma lusitanicum, una especie que ya habíamos determinado como la de mayor riesgo en el área de estudio, a través de los siguientes objetivos: (1) identificar los momentos estratégicos de control según su fenología en la vegetación y los hospedadores habituales; (2) desarrollar un método artificial de alimentación en condiciones de laboratorio; (3) diseñar un nuevo sistema de aplicación de productos en condiciones de campo; y (4) evaluar la eficacia de estrategias de control compatibles con la gestión ecológica...
In the last decades, the incidence and geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases transmitted have increased due to a multifactorial process that includes climate, ecological and social changes, what causes a higher risk of exposure to vectors. Ticks stand out among them, since they are the main biological vector in animal health. The adaptation of the pathogens to their tick-vector, hosts and the environment, is so high that it is very difficult to establish a single measure that avoids the risk of transmission. One of the measures for the prevention of transmitted diseases is the control of vectors, which nowadays suggests the need to establish an integrated control combining different strategies to maintain the risk within a reasonable limit.References about specific control of meso-Mediterranean ticks were scarce and partial, thus we proposed to address their control. Study was developed in a natural reserve with hunting activity8. Resumen y Abstract- 167 -and ecological management, focusing on Hyalomma lusitanicum, a species that is already determined as the greatest risk in the study area, through the following objectives: (1) to identify the strategic moments to control of meso-Mediterranean ticks through the description of their phenology in its vegetation and hosts; (2) to develop an alternative method of feeding H. lusitanicum under laboratory conditions; (3) to design a new application system for tick control in field conditions and (4) to evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies compatible with the ecological management of natural spaces...
In the last decades, the incidence and geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases transmitted have increased due to a multifactorial process that includes climate, ecological and social changes, what causes a higher risk of exposure to vectors. Ticks stand out among them, since they are the main biological vector in animal health. The adaptation of the pathogens to their tick-vector, hosts and the environment, is so high that it is very difficult to establish a single measure that avoids the risk of transmission. One of the measures for the prevention of transmitted diseases is the control of vectors, which nowadays suggests the need to establish an integrated control combining different strategies to maintain the risk within a reasonable limit.References about specific control of meso-Mediterranean ticks were scarce and partial, thus we proposed to address their control. Study was developed in a natural reserve with hunting activity8. Resumen y Abstract- 167 -and ecological management, focusing on Hyalomma lusitanicum, a species that is already determined as the greatest risk in the study area, through the following objectives: (1) to identify the strategic moments to control of meso-Mediterranean ticks through the description of their phenology in its vegetation and hosts; (2) to develop an alternative method of feeding H. lusitanicum under laboratory conditions; (3) to design a new application system for tick control in field conditions and (4) to evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies compatible with the ecological management of natural spaces...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 18-12-2018