Publication: Cuidados paliativos en la fase terminal de la EPOC en el ámbito de atención especializada: revisión bibliográfica narrativa.
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2018-06-01
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Abstract
Introducción: La Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica es una patología progresiva e irreversible de limitación del flujo aéreo, que se encuentra a día de hoy infradiagnosticada e infratratada en un gran número de individuos. Supone una importante causa de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y conlleva a una carga socioeconómica considerable, cada vez superior. Es una de las enfermedades consideradas al hacer una estimación poblacional de los pacientes que precisan cuidados paliativos en cualquier nivel asistencial, principalmente en la fase avanzada, grave e irreversible de la patología.
Objetivo: Analizar el estado actual de los Cuidados Paliativos en la fase terminal de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, en el ámbito de la atención especializada.
Metodología: Se realiza una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos (Scopus, Cochrane, Pubmed y Cinahl) en los últimos 5 años a nivel internacional, sobre documentos de todo tipo (principalmente, revisiones bibliográficas, artículos y guías clínicas).
Resultados: Los pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica no reciben los Cuidados Paliativos adecuados en la fase terminal de su patología. La Planificación Anticipada de las Decisiones, el proceso comunicativo eficaz en la relación clínica enfermo-profesional sanitario, el control sintomático y los cuidados al cuidador son los pilares de la Medicina Paliativa que se deben mejorar para conseguir que ese tipo de enfermos gocen de la mayor calidad de vida posible.
Conclusiones: Se necesita más investigación para mejorar el abordaje de esta patología desde el punto de vista de la Medicina Paliativa.
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive and irreversible pathology about the airflow limitation, which is nowadays underdiagnosed and undertreated in a large number of individuals. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it leads to a considerable socio-economic burden, which is growing up more and more. It is one of the diseases considered when making a population estimate of patients who require palliative care at any level of care, mainly in the advanced, serious and irreversible phase of the pathology. Objective: To analyze the current status of Palliative Care in the terminal phase of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, in the field of specialist medical assistance. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature is performed through a search of the main databases (Scopus, Cochrane, Pubmed, Cinahl) in the last 5 years, worldwide, on all types of documents (mainly bibliographic reviews, scientific articles and clinical guidelines). Results: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease do not receive adequate Palliative Care in the terminal phase of their pathology. Advance Care Planning, the effective communicative process in the clinical relation patient - healthcare professional, the symptomatic management and the care to the caretaker are the pillars of the Palliative Medicine that must be improved to help patients to get the best possible quality of life. Conclusions: More research is needed to improve the approach of this pathology from the point of view of Palliative Medicine.
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive and irreversible pathology about the airflow limitation, which is nowadays underdiagnosed and undertreated in a large number of individuals. It is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it leads to a considerable socio-economic burden, which is growing up more and more. It is one of the diseases considered when making a population estimate of patients who require palliative care at any level of care, mainly in the advanced, serious and irreversible phase of the pathology. Objective: To analyze the current status of Palliative Care in the terminal phase of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, in the field of specialist medical assistance. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature is performed through a search of the main databases (Scopus, Cochrane, Pubmed, Cinahl) in the last 5 years, worldwide, on all types of documents (mainly bibliographic reviews, scientific articles and clinical guidelines). Results: Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease do not receive adequate Palliative Care in the terminal phase of their pathology. Advance Care Planning, the effective communicative process in the clinical relation patient - healthcare professional, the symptomatic management and the care to the caretaker are the pillars of the Palliative Medicine that must be improved to help patients to get the best possible quality of life. Conclusions: More research is needed to improve the approach of this pathology from the point of view of Palliative Medicine.