Publication: Fluctuation-dissipation theorem for non-equilibrium quantum systems
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2018-05-24
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Verein Forderung Open Access Publizierens Quantenwissenschaf
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Abstract
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a central result in statistical physics, both for classical and quantum systems. It establishes a relationship between the linear response of a system under a time-dependent perturbation and time correlations of certain observables in equilibrium. Here we derive a generalization of the theorem which can be applied to any Markov quantum system and makes use of the symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD). There are several important benefits from our approach. First, such a formulation clarifies the relation between classical and quantum versions of the equilibrium FDT. Second, and more important, it facilitates the extension of the FDT to arbitrary quantum Markovian evolution, as given by quantum maps. Third, it clarifies the connection between the FDT and quantum metrology in systems with a non-equilibrium steady state.
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This Paper is published in Quantum under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. Copyright remains with the original copyright holders such as the authors or their institutions. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MINECO projects FIS2013-40627-P, FIS2013-46768, FIS2014-52486-R (AEI/FEDER EU), QIBEQI FIS2016-80773-P, Severo Ochoa SEV-2015-0522, and the Generalitat de Catalunya CIRIT (2014-SGR-966, 2014-SGR-874), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA Programme) and Fundacio Privada Cellex. M.M. acknowledges financial support from E.U. under the project TherMiQ.