Publication: Caracterización neuroinmunoendocrina de modelos de envejecimiento prematuro en ratón: efecto del ambiente social
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2019-05-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El envejecimiento es un proceso fisiológico que se puede definir como la pérdida progresiva y general de las funciones del organismo con una menor capacidad de reaccionar de forma adaptativa a los cambios, produciéndose la pérdida de la homeocinesis y aumentando tanto la morbilidad como la mortalidad del individuo. Según la teoría de la oxidación-inflamación, este proceso se debe al establecimiento de un estrés oxidativo e inflamatorio crónico que afecta a todas las células del organismo, pero de manera más relevante a las de los sistemas reguladores, el nervioso, el inmunitario y el endocrino, provocando la pérdida de la funcionalidad de los mismos, y de la comunicación existente entre ellos, la comunicación neuroinmunoendocrina. El sistema nervioso debido a la acumulación de cambios a nivel celular y la alteración tanto de las concentraciones de neurotransmisores como hormonas, sufre numerosas alteracion estanto funcionales como estructurales. Funcionalmente, se producen déficits de los diferentes tipos de memoria (episódica, de trabajo, espacial) junto con un aumento de los niveles de ansiedad. También se altera la capacidad exploratoria y las capacidades sensoriomotoras. Anatómicamente se produce una reducción del volumen cerebral,atrofiándose selectivamente áreas cerebrales específicas, consecuencia de la disminución neuronal.
The ageing process is a physiological fact that it can be defined as the progressive and general loss of the organism functions with a lower capacity to react in an adaptive way to the changes, losing the homeocinesis and increasing the morbidity and mortality of the individual. In the context of oxidation-inflammation theory, this process is due to the establishment an oxidative-inflammatory chronic stress that affects to all cells of the organism, but to the regulatory systems in a more relevant way (nervous, immune and endocrine systems), causing the loss of their functions, and the communication between them, the neuroimmunoendocrine communication. The nervous system aging because of accumulation of changes in a cell level and alteration as much of the neurotransmitter concentrations as hormones, suffers many functional and structural changes. Functionally, it is produced deficits in the different kinds of memory (episodic, working, spatial memories) together with an increase of anxiety levels. Also, it is modified the exploratory capacity and sensorimotor abilities. Anatomically, it is produced a reduction of the cerebral volume, atrophying selectively specific cerebral areas, consequence of the neuronal number decrease. Also, it is altered the cerebral metabolomics, increasing and/or decreasing key metabolite concentrations in the running of this organ. To cell level, it is established a process of neuroinflammation, increasing in number as the astrocytes as the microglia..
The ageing process is a physiological fact that it can be defined as the progressive and general loss of the organism functions with a lower capacity to react in an adaptive way to the changes, losing the homeocinesis and increasing the morbidity and mortality of the individual. In the context of oxidation-inflammation theory, this process is due to the establishment an oxidative-inflammatory chronic stress that affects to all cells of the organism, but to the regulatory systems in a more relevant way (nervous, immune and endocrine systems), causing the loss of their functions, and the communication between them, the neuroimmunoendocrine communication. The nervous system aging because of accumulation of changes in a cell level and alteration as much of the neurotransmitter concentrations as hormones, suffers many functional and structural changes. Functionally, it is produced deficits in the different kinds of memory (episodic, working, spatial memories) together with an increase of anxiety levels. Also, it is modified the exploratory capacity and sensorimotor abilities. Anatomically, it is produced a reduction of the cerebral volume, atrophying selectively specific cerebral areas, consequence of the neuronal number decrease. Also, it is altered the cerebral metabolomics, increasing and/or decreasing key metabolite concentrations in the running of this organ. To cell level, it is established a process of neuroinflammation, increasing in number as the astrocytes as the microglia..
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 17-12-2018