Publication: La autoecología delos gonfoterios (Gomphotheriidae) del Pleistoceno superior de Chile
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2019-06-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la presente tesis doctoral se discuten los resultados provenientes del estudio de la dieta y hábitat de los gonfoterios (Notiomastodon platensis) registrados en Chile entre los 31º y 42ºS durante una parte del Pleistoceno Superior (entre los 30.000 y 12.500 años cal A.P). Adicionalmente, se interpretaron y discutieron las condiciones climáticas bajo las cuales vivieron estos proboscídeos. Para extraer la potencial información almacenada en los fósiles, se utilizaron tres indicadores ambientales (proxies): los análisis de isótopos estables (en el bioapatito y colágeno), los análisis del microdesgaste dental y los análisis de los micrófósiles desde el cálculo dental. Con el objetivo de comparar los datos isotópicos de los gonfoterios con otros taxones contemporáneos y/o coetáneos, y por consiguiente, observar posibles diferencias y semejanzas, se procedió a estudiar la megafauna (Notiomastodon platensis, Equus andium, Xenarthra indet. Hemiaucheniaparadoxa) del sitio Pilauco (40ºS) de la Nordpatagonia Occidental de Chile, mediante isótopos estables. Además, se construyó una moderna base de datos de isótopos estables, a partir de individuos de ciervos actuales (Pudu puda) y de la vegetación actual procedente de localidades cercanas al sitio Pilauco. De esta manera, fue posible obtener un marco de referencia actual, y en consecuencia, comparar este conjunto de datos con la informacion isotópica de los materiales fósiles provenientes del Pleistoceno Superior de Chile.
Because the proboscideans are a central piece in the formulation of hypotheses about the extinction of the megafauna, the multiproxy studies can help constrain more fully the paleoecological traits of these ecosystem engineers. This Doctoral thesis studies and analyses the autoecology of Chilean Gomphotheres conducted from different points of view, stable isotopes, dental microwear and microfossils from dental calculi. Gomphothere molars from 30 late Pleistocene sites (31º–42ºS) were analyzed for stable isotope analysis (collagen and bioapatite) dental microwear,and microfossils from dental calculi. These proxies provide different ranges of temporal resolution, which were combined to assess dietary and habitat ranges at different spatial and temporal scales. The aim of our study is to determine the autoecology of gomphotheres from Central Chile, assessing whether there is a consensus in the intepretation of diet and habitat characterized by each of analyzed proxies. In this way, our proposal would allow us to evaluate whether the information provided by our proxies correspond to (i) a dietary pattern extended over a long period of time; (ii) the presence of micro-habitats, and/or (iii) if there was any evidence of an environmental change across the studied timespan...
Because the proboscideans are a central piece in the formulation of hypotheses about the extinction of the megafauna, the multiproxy studies can help constrain more fully the paleoecological traits of these ecosystem engineers. This Doctoral thesis studies and analyses the autoecology of Chilean Gomphotheres conducted from different points of view, stable isotopes, dental microwear and microfossils from dental calculi. Gomphothere molars from 30 late Pleistocene sites (31º–42ºS) were analyzed for stable isotope analysis (collagen and bioapatite) dental microwear,and microfossils from dental calculi. These proxies provide different ranges of temporal resolution, which were combined to assess dietary and habitat ranges at different spatial and temporal scales. The aim of our study is to determine the autoecology of gomphotheres from Central Chile, assessing whether there is a consensus in the intepretation of diet and habitat characterized by each of analyzed proxies. In this way, our proposal would allow us to evaluate whether the information provided by our proxies correspond to (i) a dietary pattern extended over a long period of time; (ii) the presence of micro-habitats, and/or (iii) if there was any evidence of an environmental change across the studied timespan...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, leída el 19-12-2018