Publication: Mejora de la comprensión lectora para la inclusión mediante figuras retóricas
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2019
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Abstract
Actualmente, en España se calcula que aproximadamente el 1 % de la población sufre algún tipo de discapacidad intelectual. Para estas personas, la realización de tareas tan sencillas y cotidianas como ir a comprar o leer un libro pueden resultar muy complicadas, ya que tienen dificultad de comprensión para comprender muchos de los términos empleados en el día a día. Una posible solución para entender un concepto es la consulta del mismo en un diccionario. Pero esta no es una solución viable para estos colectivos, ya que las definiciones ofrecidas suelen tener un lenguaje complicado y difícil de entender para ellos.
Para ayudar a estas personas con sus problemas de comprensión, se ha implementado una aplicación web que dada una palabra la define en base a otras palabras relacionadas con ella más fáciles y que el usuario conoce. Para dar estas definiciones se emplearon metáforas y símiles. Al tratarse de una aplicación web, está al alcance de cualquier usuario que disponga de un dispositivo con conexión a internet.
Para diseñar la aplicación se ha hecho un diseño centrado en el usuario, contando con las opiniones de expertos. Se quiere conseguir una aplicación que se adapte a las necesidades reales del colectivo objetivo.
La aplicación está compuesta por varios servicios web, para obtener tanto las palabras relacionadas como para generar los símiles y las metáforas. Además, para facilitar la comprensión del usuario, se han implementado varios servicios web complementarios. Uno que obtiene el pictograma asociado a una palabra, y otro que proporciona una descripción y un ejemplo.
La aplicación ha sido evaluada por usuario finales. De esta evaluación se pudo concluir que el trabajo es útil para personas cuyo grado de discapacidad no fuese muy elevado, y que queda trabajo por hacer si queremos que la aplicación sea útil para personas con un grado de discapacidad mayor.
Today, 1% of the Spanish population su ers from some kind of cognitive disability. It is very difficult for these people to perform simple tasks such as reading a book or doing the daily shopping, due to their difficulties to understand common concepts. The easiest solution would be to look up for words in a dictionary, but this solution is not appropriate for these people because the definitions and concepts used in them include complex concepts and they are also hard to understand. In order to help these people with their inability to understand certain words, we have developed a web application in which they can look up a word and obtain a definition relating these difficult words with easier ones they are likely to know and understand. This has been accomplished by using similes and metaphors related to those words. The fact that it is a web application makes it more handy for everyone with an Internet connection. We have developed the application through a User-centered design, taking into account the opinions and advices of experts. The aim of this approach has been to develop an application adapted to the real needs of the target users. This application is composed of a few web services that can obtain related words, similes and metaphors. Also, in order to make it easier to use for the user, we have implemented two more web services: one of them finds pictograms and the other one finds examples and a description of the word they look for. The application has been tested by users with cognitive impairments. After being tested by these users, we have concluded that this application is useful for people who have mild disabilities but further adaptations have to be carried out in order to make it useful for people with medium or severe impairments.
Today, 1% of the Spanish population su ers from some kind of cognitive disability. It is very difficult for these people to perform simple tasks such as reading a book or doing the daily shopping, due to their difficulties to understand common concepts. The easiest solution would be to look up for words in a dictionary, but this solution is not appropriate for these people because the definitions and concepts used in them include complex concepts and they are also hard to understand. In order to help these people with their inability to understand certain words, we have developed a web application in which they can look up a word and obtain a definition relating these difficult words with easier ones they are likely to know and understand. This has been accomplished by using similes and metaphors related to those words. The fact that it is a web application makes it more handy for everyone with an Internet connection. We have developed the application through a User-centered design, taking into account the opinions and advices of experts. The aim of this approach has been to develop an application adapted to the real needs of the target users. This application is composed of a few web services that can obtain related words, similes and metaphors. Also, in order to make it easier to use for the user, we have implemented two more web services: one of them finds pictograms and the other one finds examples and a description of the word they look for. The application has been tested by users with cognitive impairments. After being tested by these users, we have concluded that this application is useful for people who have mild disabilities but further adaptations have to be carried out in order to make it useful for people with medium or severe impairments.
Description
Trabajo de Fin de Grado, Universidad Complutense, Facultad de Informática, Departamento de Ingeniería del Software e Inteligencia Artificial. Curso 2018/2019