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Historical analysis of spanish competitiveness in the european framework: 19th and 20th centuries

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https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_PADE.2011.v22.1
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2011
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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This article analyzes the evolution of Spanish competitiveness and economic growth during the 19th and 20th century. After defining the concept of competitiveness in relation with other notions like productivity, economic growth, comparative advantage, or international competition, we apply this concept to the Spanish experience. The study includes the evolution of the Spanish Gross Domestic Product in terms of its convergence and divergence, the historical contribution of labor, capital, and total factor productivity on Spanish development, the institutional contributions to growth, and the evolution of competitiveness in Spanish regions, clusters and companies. Among other conclusions, the article emphasizes that, since 1959, the progressive reduction of protectionism and intense public regulations, introduced at the end of the 19th century, allowed an intense economic growth and convergence process. But the Spanish economy still maintains some institutional shortcomings that reduce its potential future growth and affect its competitiveness and entrepreneurship.
En este artículo se analiza la evolución de la competitividad y el crecimiento económico en España durante los siglos XIX y XX. Una vez definido el concepto de competitividad en relación con otras variables como la productividad, el crecimiento económico, la ventaja comparativa o la competencia internacional, aplicamos este concepto a la experiencia española. El estudio incluye la evolución del Producto Interior Bruto español en función de su convergencia o divergencia, la contribución histórica del trabajo, el capital y la productividad total de los factores en el desarrollo español, las contribuciones del marco institucional, y la evolución de la competitividad en las regiones, clusters y empresas españolas. Entre otras conclusiones, el artículo destaca la progresiva reducción del proteccionismo y el intervencionismo económico desde 1959, políticas que habían sido introducidas a finales del siglo XIX, y cuya reforma y eliminación permitieron un intenso crecimiento económico y un proceso de convergencia. Pero la economía española todavía mantiene algunas deficiencias institucionales que reducen el potencial de crecimiento económico y afecta a la competitividad y el espíritu empresarial en España.
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Desarrollo económico , Historia económica , Mercados bursátiles y financieros
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5307.03 Modelos y Teorías del desarrollo Económico , 5307.04 Estudios del desarrollo Económico , 5506.06 Historia de la Economía
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/42930
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