Publication: El anonimato y el altruismo en la donación de gametos: la producción de biocapital en la industria reproductiva
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Publication Date
2019
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En este artículo analizamos de qué modo el anonimato y el altruismo de la donación de gametos desempeña una función primordial en el sostenimiento de una industria reproductiva pujante en el contexto español. A partir de nuestra experiencia etnográfica, y apoyándonos en otros datos extraídos de fuentes secundarias (estadísticas, directrices de organismos oficiales, legislación), retomamos conceptos de la teoría clásica de Marx (trabajo productivo/reproductivo, plusvalía, alienación, entre otros) para dar cuenta de la producción de biocapital a partir de los circuitos de las donaciones reproductivas. Consideramos el anonimato y el altruismo como instrumentos legales que favorecen la apropiación privada y privativa de los gametos “donados” en cantidad suficiente para el desarrollo del mercado y de la industria reproductiva. Estos instrumentos legales establecen las condiciones que hacen posible esa apropiación por parte de los centros médicos, así como la fijación de los precios y la manera en que esos gametos son “donados”.
In this article, we analyze how the anonymity and altruism of gamete donation plays a key role in sustaining a booming reproductive industry in the Spanish context. From our ethnographic experience, and relying on other data extracted from secondary sources (statistics, guidelines of official agencies, legislation), we return to concepts of Marx's classical theory (productive / reproductive work, surplus value, alienation, among others) to give an account of the production of biocapital from the circuits of reproductive donations. We consider anonymity and altruism to be legal instruments that favor the private and privative appropriation of "donated" gametes in sufficient quantity for the development of the market and the reproductive industry. These legal instruments establish the conditions that make possible the appropriation by medical centers, as well as the fixing of prices and the way in which these gametes are "donated."
In this article, we analyze how the anonymity and altruism of gamete donation plays a key role in sustaining a booming reproductive industry in the Spanish context. From our ethnographic experience, and relying on other data extracted from secondary sources (statistics, guidelines of official agencies, legislation), we return to concepts of Marx's classical theory (productive / reproductive work, surplus value, alienation, among others) to give an account of the production of biocapital from the circuits of reproductive donations. We consider anonymity and altruism to be legal instruments that favor the private and privative appropriation of "donated" gametes in sufficient quantity for the development of the market and the reproductive industry. These legal instruments establish the conditions that make possible the appropriation by medical centers, as well as the fixing of prices and the way in which these gametes are "donated."