Publication: Los principios apolíneo y dionisíaco de Friedrich Nitzsche en la obra de Gustave Moreau
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2020-03-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Guerra Franco-prusiana (1870-1871) fue una contienda determinante en el turbulento siglo XIX. Además, con ella se recrudeció la oposición cultural que dividía a ambos países desde el siglo XVIII: Alemania era considerada el país de la cultura y Francia, el de la civilización. Sin embargo, este planteamiento tenía un punto en común, la antigüedad grecolatina. Francia padeció su Revolución bajo la égida de la Roma imperial, y Alemania tomó a la Grecia doria como referente para distanciarse de la lengua, el arte y la religión latinos. De estos dos países, a pesar de su enfrentamiento cultural y político, surgieron el alemán Friedrich Nietzsche y el galo Gustave Moreau. Ambos eruditos y amantes de las artes que mostraron una enorme afinidad en su manera de abordar el mundo grecolatino. Cuando estalló la guerra, Nietzsche era un joven catedrático de griego en la Universidad de Basilea. Moreau, por entonces, ya era un pintor consagrado; aunque su obra tenía una recepción irregular por parte de crítica y público. Tras la contienda, Nietzsche publicó su primer ensayo académico, bajo las indicaciones de Wagner: El nacimiento de la tragedia en el espíritu de la música. Moreau, durante la guerra y tras el armisticio, continuó trabajando en sus magníficos apartamentos en el centro de París, aislado del mundo exterior. Desde allí meditaba sobre la sociedad y la cultura francesas, que él consideraba en declive. No obstante, a pesar de los manifiestos antagonismos históricos, culturales y personales que les distanciaban, ambos autores adoptaron el mito heleno de un modo similar en sus trabajos...
In the second half of the turbulent 19th century, two countries engaged in a war that would determine the course of Europe thenceforth: the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). This historical event accentuated the cultural dichotomy that divided both States since the 18th century: Germany claimed to be the nation of Culture, and France, of Civilization. Nevertheless, Classical Antiquity was a major source of inspiration for the two. France had its Revolution under the aegis of Imperial Rome; and Germany, trying to distance itself as much as possible from anything Latin, whether it was language, art or religion, decided that Dorian Greece was its role model. Despite this cultural and political clash, two men, the German Friedrich Nietzsche and the French Gustave Moreau, both erudites and lovers of the arts, showed great affinity in their approach to the Classical World. Nietzsche was a young Greek Professor at the University of Basel when the war broke out, while Moreau was already a professional painter with an uneven reception. In the aftermath of the war, Nietzsche published his first academic essay, following Wagner’s indications: The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music. Meanwhile, during and after the war, Moreau continued his work, isolated in his magnificent apartments in central Paris; pondering overwhat he perceived as a decaying society and culture around him. Oddly enough, both of them, despite the manifest historical antagonisms, adopted the Greek myth in their works in a very similar fashion...
In the second half of the turbulent 19th century, two countries engaged in a war that would determine the course of Europe thenceforth: the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). This historical event accentuated the cultural dichotomy that divided both States since the 18th century: Germany claimed to be the nation of Culture, and France, of Civilization. Nevertheless, Classical Antiquity was a major source of inspiration for the two. France had its Revolution under the aegis of Imperial Rome; and Germany, trying to distance itself as much as possible from anything Latin, whether it was language, art or religion, decided that Dorian Greece was its role model. Despite this cultural and political clash, two men, the German Friedrich Nietzsche and the French Gustave Moreau, both erudites and lovers of the arts, showed great affinity in their approach to the Classical World. Nietzsche was a young Greek Professor at the University of Basel when the war broke out, while Moreau was already a professional painter with an uneven reception. In the aftermath of the war, Nietzsche published his first academic essay, following Wagner’s indications: The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music. Meanwhile, during and after the war, Moreau continued his work, isolated in his magnificent apartments in central Paris; pondering overwhat he perceived as a decaying society and culture around him. Oddly enough, both of them, despite the manifest historical antagonisms, adopted the Greek myth in their works in a very similar fashion...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia del Arte, leída el 21-11-2019