Publication: Potencial del Gas de Lutita (Shale gas)en el norte de España en el tránsito a energíascon menor huella de carbono
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Publication Date
2019
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Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
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Abstract
El cambio del paradigma energético a fuentes con menor huella de carbono, así como el desarrollo de las tecnologías y técnicas para su extracción, han colocado al gas de lutita en el punto de mira como recurso menos contaminante, abundante en el norte de España, y capaz de suplir en gran medida las necesidades actuales de abastecimiento energético que requiere el país. Sin embargo, existe una importante carencia de información integrada sobre el tema, con respecto a lo geológico, lo económico, lo ambiental y lo social. Como consecuencia de todo ello, se ha desarrollado una fuerte oposición pública que ha paralizado la exploración y la posible explotación de dicho recurso. Los cambios que exige el futuro en la búsqueda de fuentes de energía menos contaminantes y la necesidad de adquirir una posición estratégica en el sector energético, hacenineludible permitir la investigación y exploración de este recurso en España. Por ello, este trabajo pretende mostrar el panorama actual que rodea al gas natural en un contexto de “tránsito” a energías menos agresivas con el medio ambiente, cómo se realiza su extracción (gas de lutita) y, como debería llevarse a cabo en España con los problemas que ello conllevaría, así como analizar la respuesta y preocupación de la ciudadanía frente a el desarrollo de esta tecnología.
The change to an energy model with lower carbon footprint sources, and the development of the corresponding technologies and extraction techniques has placed shale gas in the spotlight as it is a less polluting resource and it is abundant in the north of Spain. This energy model could be able to supply, to a large extent, the current energy needs of the country. However, there is a relevant lack of information on the subject regarding geological, economic, environmental and social issues. Consequently, a strong public opposition has developed, that has so far paralyzed the exploration and potential exploitation of these resources. The future changes required in the search for less polluting energy sources and the need to acquire a strategic position in the energy sector make it essential to allow both research into this resource and its exploration in Spain. Therefore, this study aims to show the current situation of natural gas in a “transitory” context towards less aggressive energies to the environment as well as to explain how shale gas is produced and how extraction should be carried out in Spain with the problems that this would entail. The study also aims to analyze the citizens’ responses and concerns regarding the development of this technology.
The change to an energy model with lower carbon footprint sources, and the development of the corresponding technologies and extraction techniques has placed shale gas in the spotlight as it is a less polluting resource and it is abundant in the north of Spain. This energy model could be able to supply, to a large extent, the current energy needs of the country. However, there is a relevant lack of information on the subject regarding geological, economic, environmental and social issues. Consequently, a strong public opposition has developed, that has so far paralyzed the exploration and potential exploitation of these resources. The future changes required in the search for less polluting energy sources and the need to acquire a strategic position in the energy sector make it essential to allow both research into this resource and its exploration in Spain. Therefore, this study aims to show the current situation of natural gas in a “transitory” context towards less aggressive energies to the environment as well as to explain how shale gas is produced and how extraction should be carried out in Spain with the problems that this would entail. The study also aims to analyze the citizens’ responses and concerns regarding the development of this technology.