Publication: Factores que impactan los resultados empresariales: un estudio comparativo entre empresas chilenas y españolas
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2015
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Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
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Abstract
Los resultados empresariales representan un tema que sigue concentrando el interés de los investigadores y que aún no está resuelto. Es por ello que el presente estudio persigue dos objetivos: en primer lugar, realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los factores que impactan sobre los resultados empresariales; en segundo lugar, contrastar los planteamientos anteriores para aportar evidencia empírica al respecto, a través de un análisis comparativo entre dos países. Metodológicamente se realiza un contraste sobre paneles completos de empresas industriales chilenas y españolas, utilizando dos bases de datos: (i) la Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA) y (ii) la base de datos de la Encuesta Sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE), respectivamente, para el periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando análisis de componentes de varianza se identifican los factores que explican más del 90% de los resultados empresariales y, empleando técnicas para datos de panel, se descubre que estos factores también influyen en los resultados obtenidos. De este modo, el presente artículo avanza en la discusión del tema, a través de su aplicación a empresas de un país en vías de desarrollo como Chile, además de analizar un aspecto descuidado en la literatura como es el estudio de la influencia de los factores, sin concentrarse únicamente en el análisis del porcentaje de explicación de los factores identificados sobre los resultados empresariales; de igual manera, este trabajo actualiza el periodo tradicionalmente investigado e incorpora un factor relevante pero menos analizado en este tipo de estudios, como es la localización geográfica, factor que contribuye a expli-car significativamente el modelo propuesto. Dentro de las repercusiones que implican el estudio, es evidente que sus resultados permitirán a los directivos y dueños de empresas comprender los elementos que influyen en los resultados organizacionales, los cuales son la base de su existencia y supervivencia en el futuro.
Business performance is an issue that continues to focus the in-terest of researchers and that has not been resolved yet. Based on this, the following study has two main objectives: first, to conduct a literature review of the factors that impact on firm performance; and second, to contrast pre-vious approaches in order to provide empirical evidence about this issue by means of a comparative analysis of firms in Chile and Spain. A contrast over a complete panel of Chilean and Spanish industrial firms is performed by using two databases for each country, respectively: (i) the Annual National Industrial Survey (enia), and (ii) the Survey of Business Strategies (esee) , both for the period 2000-2007. Using components for the analysis of variance we identi-fied the factors that explain more than 90% of business results, additionally, via techniques for panel data, we found these factors also influence the results obtained. Thus, this paper advances in the discussion of the subject through its application on firms in a developing country such as Chile. Furthermore, this study analyzes a neglected matter in literature: the study of the influ-ence of the factors, without focusing only in the analysis of the percentage of explanation of the factors based on firm performance. At the same time, this study serves as an update to the traditionally researched period and incorpo-rates geographical location as a relevant factor that was not analyzed in other studies, and which contributes to explain the proposed model. Among the im-plications of the study, it is clear that results allow managers and firms’ owners to understand the elements that influence organizational results, considered the basis of their existence and survival in the future.
Les résultats entrepreneuriaux sont un thème qui continue à susciter l’intérêt des chercheurs et qui n’est pas encore élucidé. La présente étude se propose donc deux objectifs: en premier lieu, réaliser une révision bibliogra-phique des facteurs ayant un impact sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux et les lister; ensuite, comparer les éléments ainsi dégagés afin d’apporter une évi-dence empirique à ce sujet, à travers une analyse comparative portant sur deux pays. Sur le plan méthodologique, une comparaison est menée sur des panels complets d’entreprises industrielles chiliennes et espagnoles en utilisant deux bases de données: (i) celle de l’Enquête nationale industrielle annuelle (ENIA) et (ii) celle de l’Enquête sur les stratégies entrepreneuriales (ESEE), respecti-vement, sur la période 2000-2007. En utilisant l’analyse des composantes de la variance on identifie les facteurs qui expliquent plus de 90% des résultats entrepreneuriaux, et en recourant aux techniques d’estimation des données de panel on observe que ces facteurs influent également sur les résultats obtenus. De la sorte cet article constitue une avancée dans l’étude de la question à tra-vers l’application à des entreprises d’un pays en voie de développement comme le Chili; d’autre part, il analyse un aspect jusque là négligé dans la littérature spécialisée, l’étude de l’influence des facteurs, évitant ainsi de se concentrer uniquement sur l’analyse du pourcentage d’explication des facteurs identifiés sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux; enfin, ce travail actualise la période tradi-tionnellement étudiée et incorpore un facteur important mais moins analysé dans ce type d’études, en l’occurrence la localisation géographique, facteur qui contribue de façon significative à expliquer le modèle proposé. Concernant les possibles répercussions d’une telle étude, sans nul doute ses résultats per-mettront aux propriétaires et dirigeants d’entreprises de mieux comprendre les éléments qui influent sur les résultats organisationnels, lesquels sont essentiels pour l’existence présente des entreprises et leur survie à l’avenir.
Os resultados empresariais é um tema que continua concentrando o interesse dos pesquisadores e que ainda não está resolvido. É por isso que o presente estudo tem dois objetivos: em primeiro lugar, realizar uma revisão bi-bliográfica dos fatores que impactam os resultados empresariais; em segundo lugar, contrastar as abordagens anteriores para fornecer evidência empírica a respeito, através de uma análise comparativa entre dois países. Metodologica-mente realiza-se um contraste sobre painéis completos de empresas industriais chilenas e espanholas, utilizando duas bases de dados, a Pesquisa Nacional Industrial Anual (enia) e a base de dados da Pesquisa sobre Estratégias Em-presariais (esee), respectivamente, para o periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando a análise de componentes de variância, identificam-se os fatores que explicam mais de 90% dos resultados empresariais e, empregando técnicas para dados de painel, descobre-se que esses fatores também influem nos resultados ob-tidos. Desse modo, este artigo avança na discussão do tema, através de sua aplicação a empresas de um país em desenvolvimento como o Chile, além de analisar um aspecto esquecido na literatura, como é o estudo da influência dos fatores, e sem se concentrar apenas na análise da porcentagem de expli-cação dos fatores identificados sobre os resultados empresariais; da mesma forma, este trabalho atualiza o período tradicionalmente pesquisado e incor-pora um fator relevante, mas menos analisado nesse tipo de estudos, que é a localização geográfica, fator que contribui para explicar significativamente o modelo proposto. Dentro das repercussões que implicam o estudo, é evidente que seus resultados permitirão que os gerentes e os donos das empresas com-preendam os elementos que influem nos resultados organizacionais, os quais são a base de sua existência e sobrevivência no futuro.
Business performance is an issue that continues to focus the in-terest of researchers and that has not been resolved yet. Based on this, the following study has two main objectives: first, to conduct a literature review of the factors that impact on firm performance; and second, to contrast pre-vious approaches in order to provide empirical evidence about this issue by means of a comparative analysis of firms in Chile and Spain. A contrast over a complete panel of Chilean and Spanish industrial firms is performed by using two databases for each country, respectively: (i) the Annual National Industrial Survey (enia), and (ii) the Survey of Business Strategies (esee) , both for the period 2000-2007. Using components for the analysis of variance we identi-fied the factors that explain more than 90% of business results, additionally, via techniques for panel data, we found these factors also influence the results obtained. Thus, this paper advances in the discussion of the subject through its application on firms in a developing country such as Chile. Furthermore, this study analyzes a neglected matter in literature: the study of the influ-ence of the factors, without focusing only in the analysis of the percentage of explanation of the factors based on firm performance. At the same time, this study serves as an update to the traditionally researched period and incorpo-rates geographical location as a relevant factor that was not analyzed in other studies, and which contributes to explain the proposed model. Among the im-plications of the study, it is clear that results allow managers and firms’ owners to understand the elements that influence organizational results, considered the basis of their existence and survival in the future.
Les résultats entrepreneuriaux sont un thème qui continue à susciter l’intérêt des chercheurs et qui n’est pas encore élucidé. La présente étude se propose donc deux objectifs: en premier lieu, réaliser une révision bibliogra-phique des facteurs ayant un impact sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux et les lister; ensuite, comparer les éléments ainsi dégagés afin d’apporter une évi-dence empirique à ce sujet, à travers une analyse comparative portant sur deux pays. Sur le plan méthodologique, une comparaison est menée sur des panels complets d’entreprises industrielles chiliennes et espagnoles en utilisant deux bases de données: (i) celle de l’Enquête nationale industrielle annuelle (ENIA) et (ii) celle de l’Enquête sur les stratégies entrepreneuriales (ESEE), respecti-vement, sur la période 2000-2007. En utilisant l’analyse des composantes de la variance on identifie les facteurs qui expliquent plus de 90% des résultats entrepreneuriaux, et en recourant aux techniques d’estimation des données de panel on observe que ces facteurs influent également sur les résultats obtenus. De la sorte cet article constitue une avancée dans l’étude de la question à tra-vers l’application à des entreprises d’un pays en voie de développement comme le Chili; d’autre part, il analyse un aspect jusque là négligé dans la littérature spécialisée, l’étude de l’influence des facteurs, évitant ainsi de se concentrer uniquement sur l’analyse du pourcentage d’explication des facteurs identifiés sur les résultats entrepreneuriaux; enfin, ce travail actualise la période tradi-tionnellement étudiée et incorpore un facteur important mais moins analysé dans ce type d’études, en l’occurrence la localisation géographique, facteur qui contribue de façon significative à expliquer le modèle proposé. Concernant les possibles répercussions d’une telle étude, sans nul doute ses résultats per-mettront aux propriétaires et dirigeants d’entreprises de mieux comprendre les éléments qui influent sur les résultats organisationnels, lesquels sont essentiels pour l’existence présente des entreprises et leur survie à l’avenir.
Os resultados empresariais é um tema que continua concentrando o interesse dos pesquisadores e que ainda não está resolvido. É por isso que o presente estudo tem dois objetivos: em primeiro lugar, realizar uma revisão bi-bliográfica dos fatores que impactam os resultados empresariais; em segundo lugar, contrastar as abordagens anteriores para fornecer evidência empírica a respeito, através de uma análise comparativa entre dois países. Metodologica-mente realiza-se um contraste sobre painéis completos de empresas industriais chilenas e espanholas, utilizando duas bases de dados, a Pesquisa Nacional Industrial Anual (enia) e a base de dados da Pesquisa sobre Estratégias Em-presariais (esee), respectivamente, para o periodo 2000-2007. Utilizando a análise de componentes de variância, identificam-se os fatores que explicam mais de 90% dos resultados empresariais e, empregando técnicas para dados de painel, descobre-se que esses fatores também influem nos resultados ob-tidos. Desse modo, este artigo avança na discussão do tema, através de sua aplicação a empresas de um país em desenvolvimento como o Chile, além de analisar um aspecto esquecido na literatura, como é o estudo da influência dos fatores, e sem se concentrar apenas na análise da porcentagem de expli-cação dos fatores identificados sobre os resultados empresariais; da mesma forma, este trabalho atualiza o período tradicionalmente pesquisado e incor-pora um fator relevante, mas menos analisado nesse tipo de estudos, que é a localização geográfica, fator que contribui para explicar significativamente o modelo proposto. Dentro das repercussões que implicam o estudo, é evidente que seus resultados permitirão que os gerentes e os donos das empresas com-preendam os elementos que influem nos resultados organizacionais, os quais são a base de sua existência e sobrevivência no futuro.
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