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Spending dynamics in euro area countries: Composition and determinants

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2015
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Instituto de Estudios Fiscales
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This study analyses the composition and main determinants of spending dynamics in selected euro area countries between 1999 and 2013. To assess the stance of public spending policies we use the indicators developed in Hauptmeier et al. (2011). Our results indicate that the overall expansionary expenditure stance in 1999-2009 was mainly driven by public consumption. Transfers and subsidies on the other hand were mostly expansionary after 2008 while public investment had boomed just before the crisis and turned restrictive during the crisis. The overall policy stance turned restrictive in 2010 and strongly so in Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Most consolidation efforts focussed on public investment and on public consumption and while transfers and subsidies were largely spared. Our econometric analysis, which covers the 2000-2013 period, shows a significantly pro-cyclical stance of public consumption which was driving overall spending dynamics. The degree of spending expansion tends to be negatively affected by the size of government debt and the presence of effective fiscal rules. On the other hand, EMU-related interest savings coincided with an expansionary expenditure stance. Revenue windfalls and shortfalls exerted a significant effect on government investment spending.
Este estudio analiza la composición y los principales determinantes de la dinámica de gasto público en una selección de países de la zona euro entre 1999 y 2013. Para evaluar la posición de las políticas de gasto público de cada país utilizamos los indicadores desarrollados en Hauptmeier et al. (2011). Nuestros resultados indican que las políticas expansivas obtenidas para el gasto total en el periodo 1999-2009 fueron impulsadas principalmente por el consumo público. Por otro lado, después de 2008, Transferencias y subsidios fueron eminentemente expansivas mientras que la inversión pública –que se disparó justo antes de la crisis– se volvió restrictiva durante la misma. Asimismo, obtenemos que la política fiscal se volvió restrictiva desde 2010, con mayor intensidad en Grecia, Irlanda, Portugal y España. No obstante, la mayoría de los esfuerzos de consolidación se centraron en la inversión pública y el consumo público y mientras que las transferencias y subvenciones se mantuvieron en gran medida. Nuestro análisis econométrico, que abarca el periodo 2000-2013, muestra un comportamiento significativamente procíclico del consumo publico que conducía la dinámica general del gasto público. Obtenemos además que el tamaño de la deuda pública y la presencia de reglas fiscales eficaces tienden a favorecer comportamientos más prudentes por la vía del gasto. Por otra parte, encontramos que los ingresos extraordinarios derivados del ahorro de intereses relacionados con la Unión Monetaria favorecieron políticas expansivas por la vía del gasto. Por último, variaciones significativas –positivas o negativas- en el nivel de ingreso esperado, ejercieron un efecto significativo en el comportamiento de la inversión pública.
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