Publication: Volcanes de fango y tectónica en el Golfo de Cádiz
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2008
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Sociedad Geológica de España.
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Abstract
Se han identificado en el Golfo de Cádiz numerosas estructuras asociadas al escape de fluidos: volcanes de fango, montículos de fango con chimeneas carbonatadas y pockmarks. La mayor parte de los volcanes de fango se encuentran el el margen bético rifeño, a profundidades de 400-1400 m, y siguiendo una dirección NE-SW y NW-SE. Así mismo se han reconocido también algunos volcanes de fango dispersos en el talud inferior a profundidades de 2400-3900 m de profundidad. En el Golfo de Cádiz la actividad tectónica relacionada con el régimen compresivo general (NW-SE) constituye el principal factor de control en la migración de fluidos. La adquisición de perfiles sísmicos en el talud continental ha permitido cartografiar y caracterizar las estructuras tectónicas dominantes: cabalgamientos, fallas extensionales y fallas en dirección, así como diapiros y analizar su relación con el desarrollo de volcanes de fango en diferentes sectores del margen. Todas estas estructuras tectónicas han proporcionado vías de escape a fluidos y sedimentos sometidos a sobrepresión y han favorecido su migración a través de la columna sedimentaria para finalmente llegar a construir volcanes de fango.
Numerous structures associated with fluid escape have been identified in the Gulf of Cadiz: mud volcanoes, carbonate-mud mounds bearing carbonate chimneys and pockmarks. Most of the mud volcanoes are found in the eastern domain of the Gulf of Cadiz, which corresponds to the Betic-Rifean Margin, at 400-1400 m depth, following NE-SW and NW-SE trends. Scattered mud volcanoes have also been recognized in the lower slope at 2400-3900 m depth. In the Gulf of Cadiz , structures related to the NW compressive regime represent the major control for fluid migration. Acquisition of seismic profiles along the continental slope allows us to map and characterize the dominant tectonic structures: thrust faults, extensional faults, strike-slip faults as well as diapirs and analyze its relationship with mud volcano development in different sectors of the margin. All these tectonic structures have provided escape pathways for overpressured material and fluids or have favoured the upwards fluid movement along the sedimentary column and eventually the build-up of mud volcanoes.
Numerous structures associated with fluid escape have been identified in the Gulf of Cadiz: mud volcanoes, carbonate-mud mounds bearing carbonate chimneys and pockmarks. Most of the mud volcanoes are found in the eastern domain of the Gulf of Cadiz, which corresponds to the Betic-Rifean Margin, at 400-1400 m depth, following NE-SW and NW-SE trends. Scattered mud volcanoes have also been recognized in the lower slope at 2400-3900 m depth. In the Gulf of Cadiz , structures related to the NW compressive regime represent the major control for fluid migration. Acquisition of seismic profiles along the continental slope allows us to map and characterize the dominant tectonic structures: thrust faults, extensional faults, strike-slip faults as well as diapirs and analyze its relationship with mud volcano development in different sectors of the margin. All these tectonic structures have provided escape pathways for overpressured material and fluids or have favoured the upwards fluid movement along the sedimentary column and eventually the build-up of mud volcanoes.