Publication: Actividad de una falla asociada a la erupción volcánica de la Isla Decepción en 1970 (Antártida Occidental): la Falla de María
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2008
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Sociedad Geológica de España.
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Abstract
Este trabajo analiza la formación de un escarpe de falla asociado a la erupción freatomagmática que ocurrió en 1970 en la Isla Decepción (Antártida Occidental). El hecho de tener información de fotografías aéreas previas a su desarrollo (1968) y una imagen de satélite de alta resolución (2003) permite establecer la formación de dicho escarpe, la evolución de la red de drenaje y la presencia de terrazas fluviales levantadas. A partir de esta información, llevamos a cabo una campaña de campo durante el verano austral de 2007, con el fin de realizar una serie de trincheras a lo largo del escarpe. De toda la información expuesta, se constata un movimiento de componente inverso a lo largo de la falla con 1 km de ruptura superficial y 20 cm de salto, afectando a los depósitos piroclásticos de la erupción de 1970. Tres modelos podrían explicar dicha actividad: (1) Terremoto inverso de tamaño pequeño-moderado (5<M<6) posterior a la erupción de 1970, (2) Reactivación de una falla previa asociada a la inyección o migración de un dique somero durante el proceso eruptivo y (3) Actividad asísmica de tipo creep a lo largo del plano de falla post terremoto.
This work addresses the presence of a superficial rupture fault scarp in relationship with the phreatomagmatic eruption occurred in 1970 at Deception Island, West Antarctica. We have analysed aerial photographs (1968) previous to the eruption and contemporaneous high resolution satellite image (Quickbird, 2003). This information was relevant to establish the scarp morphology, fluvial network variations and uplifted fluvial terraces. Accordingly and during the austral summer of 2007, we carried out a field survey with the purpose to perform several paleoseismic trenches across the fault scarp. This analysis showed a reverse fault movement through 1 km of superficial rupture with 20 cm of vertical throw. This activity affected to the pyroclastic volcano sedimentary sequence of the 1970’s eruption. We propose three models that could explain this activity: (1) Reverse small-moderate earthquake (5<M<6) triggered by the 1970`s eruption, (2) Reactivation of a previous fault as a consequence of dike injection and/or magma migration in relationship with the eruptive process and (3) Aseismic fault creep activity post-earthquake.
This work addresses the presence of a superficial rupture fault scarp in relationship with the phreatomagmatic eruption occurred in 1970 at Deception Island, West Antarctica. We have analysed aerial photographs (1968) previous to the eruption and contemporaneous high resolution satellite image (Quickbird, 2003). This information was relevant to establish the scarp morphology, fluvial network variations and uplifted fluvial terraces. Accordingly and during the austral summer of 2007, we carried out a field survey with the purpose to perform several paleoseismic trenches across the fault scarp. This analysis showed a reverse fault movement through 1 km of superficial rupture with 20 cm of vertical throw. This activity affected to the pyroclastic volcano sedimentary sequence of the 1970’s eruption. We propose three models that could explain this activity: (1) Reverse small-moderate earthquake (5<M<6) triggered by the 1970`s eruption, (2) Reactivation of a previous fault as a consequence of dike injection and/or magma migration in relationship with the eruptive process and (3) Aseismic fault creep activity post-earthquake.