Publication: La expansión de Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle en la Comunidad de Madrid
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2020-03-13
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Flora Montibérica
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El ailanto (Ailanthus altissima) es una especie naturalizada en gran parte del mundo. En España está profusamente citada solo en Cataluña, pese a estar ampliamente distribuida por toda ella. Hasta 1980 las citas en la provincia de Madrid se limitaban a la capital; en 1999 aparecía en el 40 % de sus cuadrículas UTM de 10 km de lado madrileñas; y en 2019 en el 77 %. Actualmente aparece en todo el territorio madrileño salvo las zonas por encima de 1300 m, siendo rara en la Sierra Norte y el suroeste. Su expansión ha sido principalmente radial desde la capital, siguiendo sobre todo carreteras, con focos secundarios asociados a plantaciones. Se ha utilizado poco en jardinería, lo que pone de manifiesto su capacidad invasora. En la actualidad está en fase invasiva, con infestaciones locales. Invade sobre todo zonas ruderales, pero cada vez es más frecuente en riberas, e incluso melojares. Es preciso erradicar la especie en zonas donde su invasión es aún incipiente.
The invasion of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in Madrid. The tree of heaven is a species naturalized by much of the world. In Spain it is profusely cited only in Catalonia, despite being widely distributed. Until 1980 references in Madrid (province) were limited to the capital; in 1999 it appeared in 40% of the 10 km UTM grid where Madrid is included; and in 2019 at 77%. It appears throughout the territory of Madrid except for areas above 1300 m, being rare in the Sierra Norte and the southwest. Its expansion has been mainly radial from the capital, mainly following roads, with secondary points associated with plantations. In has been scarcely used in gardening, which shows its invasive capacity. It is currently in invasive phase, with local infestations. It invades especially ruderal areas, but it is increasingly common in riverbanks, and even oak forests. The species must be eradicated in areas where its invasion is still incipient.
The invasion of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in Madrid. The tree of heaven is a species naturalized by much of the world. In Spain it is profusely cited only in Catalonia, despite being widely distributed. Until 1980 references in Madrid (province) were limited to the capital; in 1999 it appeared in 40% of the 10 km UTM grid where Madrid is included; and in 2019 at 77%. It appears throughout the territory of Madrid except for areas above 1300 m, being rare in the Sierra Norte and the southwest. Its expansion has been mainly radial from the capital, mainly following roads, with secondary points associated with plantations. In has been scarcely used in gardening, which shows its invasive capacity. It is currently in invasive phase, with local infestations. It invades especially ruderal areas, but it is increasingly common in riverbanks, and even oak forests. The species must be eradicated in areas where its invasion is still incipient.