Publication: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa sobre la autolesión no suicida
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2020-06-24
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Abstract
La autolesión no suicida (ANS) se ha incorporado como una condición con diagnóstico propio recientemente. Se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública con una prevalencia creciente que comporta múltiples consecuencias, haciendo esencial su estudio. Para ello, es fundamental atender a las múltiples funciones que desempeña la ANS según la literatura. Se considera un mecanismo de afrontamiento cuyo objetivo principal es el alivio del dolor emocional, siendo la lesión física su expresión. Además, es imprescindible interpretarla de forma contextualizada porque está estrechamente ligada a las experiencias sociales.
Por otro lado, el estigma que envuelve a la ANS tiene como resultado la ocultación del comportamiento y, consecuentemente, la ausencia o retraso de búsqueda de ayuda. Del mismo modo, las actitudes de los profesionales sanitarios son comúnmente negativas, constituyendo una barrera para una atención sanitaria de calidad. La formación específica en ANS parece reducir dichas actitudes al combatir el estigma e incrementar la comprensión del comportamiento autolesivo.
Las alternativas terapéuticas se dirigen a la prevención de la ANS, pero diversos motivos advierten que este enfoque terapéutico presenta inconvenientes. La recuperación debe encaminarse a abordar las causas subyacentes generadoras del sufrimiento.
El propósito de la presente revisión bibliográfica, por tanto, es explorar el sentido de esta respuesta a la angustia para favorecer su compresión y, por ende, mejorar así su cuidado.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has recently been incorporated as a condition with its own diagnose. It has become a public health issue with an increasing prevalence and multiple consequences, all this making essential its study. It’s fundamental to attend to the multiple functions that NSSI performs, according to the literature. It’s considered a coping mechanism with the main goal of achieving relief of emotional pain, being the physical injury its expression. It’s also essential to assess NSSI in its context due to its narrow connection with social experiences. On the other hand, the stigma in which NSSI is involved in, results in a behaviour concealment and consequently, in the lack or delay of seeking assistance. At the same time, the attitude of healthcare professionals towards this issue tends to be negative, thus constituting a barrier to the quality of healthcare assistance. Specific training in NSSI seems to reduce this attitude by overcoming the stigma and increasing the understanding of this self-harming behaviour. Therapeutic alternatives are aimed at the prevention of NSSI. However, for multiple reasons it’s warned that this approach raises different issues. The recovery must be aimed at addressing the underlying causes that promote this suffering, thus of NSSI. The purpose of this bibliographic review is therefore, to explore the sense of this response to distress for its further understanding, hence, improving the patient care.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has recently been incorporated as a condition with its own diagnose. It has become a public health issue with an increasing prevalence and multiple consequences, all this making essential its study. It’s fundamental to attend to the multiple functions that NSSI performs, according to the literature. It’s considered a coping mechanism with the main goal of achieving relief of emotional pain, being the physical injury its expression. It’s also essential to assess NSSI in its context due to its narrow connection with social experiences. On the other hand, the stigma in which NSSI is involved in, results in a behaviour concealment and consequently, in the lack or delay of seeking assistance. At the same time, the attitude of healthcare professionals towards this issue tends to be negative, thus constituting a barrier to the quality of healthcare assistance. Specific training in NSSI seems to reduce this attitude by overcoming the stigma and increasing the understanding of this self-harming behaviour. Therapeutic alternatives are aimed at the prevention of NSSI. However, for multiple reasons it’s warned that this approach raises different issues. The recovery must be aimed at addressing the underlying causes that promote this suffering, thus of NSSI. The purpose of this bibliographic review is therefore, to explore the sense of this response to distress for its further understanding, hence, improving the patient care.