Publication: El Derecho Humano al Agua en las Islas Baleares. El caso de Save the Med y la reducción del uso del plástico
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2020-07-01
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Abstract
Desde la Declaración de Mar de la Plata de las Naciones Unidas en 1977, se ha reconocido que “todos los pueblos, cualquiera que sea su etapa de desarrollo, tienen derecho a disponer de agua potable en cantidad y calidad suficientes para sus necesidades básicas”. En su Resolución de 2010, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas reconoció internacionalmente el derecho humano al agua. Tras la aclaración oficial de las implicaciones legales del Derecho Humano al Agua en la Observación general no 15 del PIDESC, ya se puede constatar que el derecho humano al agua no es un elemento novedoso. A su vez el “ODS 6 Agua y Saneamiento” formula un consenso ideal para impulsar acciones y políticas que sirvan para asegurar este derecho humano. El trabajo de investigación se enmarca bajo el proyecto sobre “la calidad del agua potable en las Islas Baleares y su efecto sobre el consumo del plástico” de Save The Med, que busca reducir el consumo de agua embotelladas en botellas de plástico, para reducir la generación de residuos y la contaminación del medio ambiente. Debido a la disminución de lluvias capaces de rellenar los acuíferos de las distintas islas, la presión del turismo y los efectos del cambio climático, el archipiélago balear sufre de una gran presión hídrica que pone en peligro la garantía del derecho humano al agua. A su vez, parte de un hecho objetivo: la tendencia entre la población balear permanente y flotante de consumir en su gran mayoría agua embotellada en botellas de plástico de un solo uso. Por ello, se tratan de exponer las razones que pueden motivar a la población balear a consumir agua envasada en botellas de plástico de un solo uso. Este estudio se realiza a través del enfoque basado en los derechos humanos, ya que, se supone que este tipo de consumo se debe a la desconfianza de la población en la calidad del agua del grifo. Por último, se concluye que podría haber algunas cuestiones relativas a la calidad del agua y el acceso a la información pública que podrían definirse como una violación del derecho humano al agua. Por ejemplo, la falta de agua apta para el consumo humano de parte de la población, o la falta general de información que obstaculiza el estudio objetivo de la aceptabilidad del agua, se pueden clasificar como violaciones del derecho humano al agua.
Since the United Nations' Mar de la Plata Declaration in 1977, it has been recognized that "all peoples, at whatever stage of development, have the right to have access to drinking water in quantities and of a quality sufficient for their basic needs". In its 2010 Resolution, the General Assembly of the United Nations recognized internationally the human right to water. After the official clarification of the legal implications of the Human Right to Water in the General Comment no 15 of the ICESCR, it can already be stated that the human right to water is not a new element. At the same time, the "ODS 6 Water and Sanitation" formulates an ideal consensus to promote actions and policies that serve to ensure this human right. This research work is part of Save The Med's project on "the quality of drinking water in the Balearic Islands and its effect on plastic consumption", that seeks to reduce the consumption of bottled water in plastic bottles, to reduce the generation of waste and environmental pollution. Because, due to the decrease in rainfall capable of replenishing the aquifers of the various islands, the pressure of tourism and the effects of climate change, the Balearic Islands suffer from great water pressure that endangers the guarantee of the human right to water. Also, the work starts from an objective fact: the tendency among the permanent and floating population from the Balearic Islands to consume mostly bottled water in single-use plastic bottles. To this matter, the work tries to explain the reasons that motivate the tendency to consume bottled water in the Balearic Islands. So, the study will be carried out using the human rights- based approach, since it is assumed that this type of consumption is due to the population's distrust of the quality of the tap water. Finally, it is concluded that there might be some issues concerning the quality of water and the access to public information that could be defined as a violation of the human right to water. For example, the lack of water suitable for human consumption for part of the population, or the general lack of information that hinders the objective study of the acceptability of water, should be highlighted as violations to the human right to water.
Since the United Nations' Mar de la Plata Declaration in 1977, it has been recognized that "all peoples, at whatever stage of development, have the right to have access to drinking water in quantities and of a quality sufficient for their basic needs". In its 2010 Resolution, the General Assembly of the United Nations recognized internationally the human right to water. After the official clarification of the legal implications of the Human Right to Water in the General Comment no 15 of the ICESCR, it can already be stated that the human right to water is not a new element. At the same time, the "ODS 6 Water and Sanitation" formulates an ideal consensus to promote actions and policies that serve to ensure this human right. This research work is part of Save The Med's project on "the quality of drinking water in the Balearic Islands and its effect on plastic consumption", that seeks to reduce the consumption of bottled water in plastic bottles, to reduce the generation of waste and environmental pollution. Because, due to the decrease in rainfall capable of replenishing the aquifers of the various islands, the pressure of tourism and the effects of climate change, the Balearic Islands suffer from great water pressure that endangers the guarantee of the human right to water. Also, the work starts from an objective fact: the tendency among the permanent and floating population from the Balearic Islands to consume mostly bottled water in single-use plastic bottles. To this matter, the work tries to explain the reasons that motivate the tendency to consume bottled water in the Balearic Islands. So, the study will be carried out using the human rights- based approach, since it is assumed that this type of consumption is due to the population's distrust of the quality of the tap water. Finally, it is concluded that there might be some issues concerning the quality of water and the access to public information that could be defined as a violation of the human right to water. For example, the lack of water suitable for human consumption for part of the population, or the general lack of information that hinders the objective study of the acceptability of water, should be highlighted as violations to the human right to water.