Publication: El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea frente a la religión y las creencias
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2020-04
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Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
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Abstract
En apenas dos años, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha conocido numerosos asuntos relacionados con la religión y las creencias. Con ello se han visto superadas las antiguas referencias consolidadas sobre este tema (Van Duyn, Prais…) acerca del papel del derecho fundamental de libertad religiosa, o de la religión en general, en el ordenamiento de la Unión Europea. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto extraer algunas conclusiones acerca del tratamiento otorgado a la religión y a las creencias por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. Para ello, se examina en primer lugar la religión y las creencias en el derecho primario, marco y presupuesto de posteriores derivaciones normativas, estudiando inmediatamente después las resoluciones del TJUE que guardan relación con la religión y las creencias en el periodo comprendido entre 1974 y 2019. Del análisis efectuado se concluyen algunas notas acerca del concepto de religión en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Luxemburgo, así como de la formulación y contenido del principio de neutralidad religiosa. En general, salvo en supuestos puntuales, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea otorga una protección adecuada al derecho fundamental de libertad religiosa y un tratamiento ajustado a los grupos religiosos respecto de las exigencias del derecho europeo.
In just two years, the Court of Justice of the European Union has been faced with numerous issues related to religion and beliefs. With this, the old consolidated references on this subject (Van Duyn, Prais…) about the role of the fundamental right of religious freedom, or about religion in general, in the European Union system have been surpassed. The aim of this paper is to draw some conclusions about how the Court of Justice of the European Union deals with religion and beliefs. To this purpose, religion and beliefs in primary law, which is framework and condition to subsequent normative implications, are examined firstly. Several decisions related to religion or beliefs in the period between 1974 and 2019 are analysed afterwards. The analysis carried out concludes with some notes about the concept of religion in the jurisprudence of the Luxembourg Court, as well as about the formulation and content of the principle of religious neutrality. In general, exception made of specific cases, the Court of Justice of the European Union grants adequate protection to the fundamental right of religious freedom and an adjusted treatment to religious groups with respect to the requirements of European Law.
In just two years, the Court of Justice of the European Union has been faced with numerous issues related to religion and beliefs. With this, the old consolidated references on this subject (Van Duyn, Prais…) about the role of the fundamental right of religious freedom, or about religion in general, in the European Union system have been surpassed. The aim of this paper is to draw some conclusions about how the Court of Justice of the European Union deals with religion and beliefs. To this purpose, religion and beliefs in primary law, which is framework and condition to subsequent normative implications, are examined firstly. Several decisions related to religion or beliefs in the period between 1974 and 2019 are analysed afterwards. The analysis carried out concludes with some notes about the concept of religion in the jurisprudence of the Luxembourg Court, as well as about the formulation and content of the principle of religious neutrality. In general, exception made of specific cases, the Court of Justice of the European Union grants adequate protection to the fundamental right of religious freedom and an adjusted treatment to religious groups with respect to the requirements of European Law.