Publication: Análisis del movimiento antivacunas y el rol de la enfermera desde una perspectiva bioética.
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2020-07-02
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Abstract
La vacunación infantil se ha impuesto como la intervención de atención primaria más efectiva en el control de enfermedades inmunoprevenibles. Sin embargo, el advenimiento de corrientes de pensamiento que cuestionan la vacunación sistemática ha ocasionado el resurgimiento de estas enfermedades en los últimos años.
Con el objetivo de analizar y describir el fenómeno de reticencia vacunal en la población infantil desde un punto de vista bioético, se ha llevado a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas bases de datos, incluyendo en el análisis artículos de revista, manuales y documentos extraídos de páginas web de organismos oficiales.
Los resultados muestran que las implicaciones éticas que se derivan de la decisión de no vacunar plantean diversos conflictos éticos (conflictos de valores) donde la enfermera tiene un papel crucial al ser la encargada del manejo de la vacunación. La pluralidad de valores, creencias y percepciones en la sociedad pone de manifiesto que la enfermera no se puede limitar a la simple información de riesgos y beneficios de la vacunación, a unos padres cada vez más implicados en las decisiones de salud de sus hijos.
Por todo ello, se ha de apostar en la formación de la enfermera para que esta adquiera habilidades de comunicación eficaz y sepa explorar los valores del paciente, estableciendo una relación clínica deliberativa y en última instancia, potenciar la educación para la salud de la población.
Childhood vaccination has become the most effective primary care intervention in the control of preventable diseases. However, the emergence of current thought that questions systematic vaccination has caused a resurgence of these diseases in recent years. With the objective of analyzing and describing this phenomenon of vaccine reticence in the child population from a bioethical point of view, a bibliographic search was conducted in numerous databases, and including an analysis of magazine articles, manuals and documents extracted from accredited web pages. The results show that the ethical implications derived from the decision not to vaccinate pose various ethical conflicts (conflicts of values) where the nurse has a crucial role in being in responsible for directing immunization and vaccination. The plurality of values, beliefs and perceptions show that the nurse cannot limit themself to the simple distribution of information on the risks and benefits of vaccination, particularly to parents increasingly involved in the health decisions of their children. For all these reasons, it is necessary to expand training so that the nurse acquires effective communication skills and knowledge on how to explore the patient's values, establishing a deliberative clinical relationship and ultimately promoting education for the health of the population.
Childhood vaccination has become the most effective primary care intervention in the control of preventable diseases. However, the emergence of current thought that questions systematic vaccination has caused a resurgence of these diseases in recent years. With the objective of analyzing and describing this phenomenon of vaccine reticence in the child population from a bioethical point of view, a bibliographic search was conducted in numerous databases, and including an analysis of magazine articles, manuals and documents extracted from accredited web pages. The results show that the ethical implications derived from the decision not to vaccinate pose various ethical conflicts (conflicts of values) where the nurse has a crucial role in being in responsible for directing immunization and vaccination. The plurality of values, beliefs and perceptions show that the nurse cannot limit themself to the simple distribution of information on the risks and benefits of vaccination, particularly to parents increasingly involved in the health decisions of their children. For all these reasons, it is necessary to expand training so that the nurse acquires effective communication skills and knowledge on how to explore the patient's values, establishing a deliberative clinical relationship and ultimately promoting education for the health of the population.