Publication: Posibles aplicaciones de la digitalización 3D en la conservación y restauración de colecciones científicas: modelos anatómicos de cera
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2020-08-17
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Uno de los principales retos de los gestores de colecciones y museos científicos es encontrar el equilibrio entre la facilidad de acceso a los objetos que en ellos se exhiben y la garantía de una adecuada conservación. Esto es especialmente importante en los modelos o especímenes científicos que conservan una utilidad didáctica o investigadora y que requieren en muchos casos ser manipulados con relativa frecuencia, más aún si se trata de ejemplares de especial fragilidad o valor histórico. Uno de los aportes de las nuevas tecnologías de digitalización y virtualización 3D es precisamente que facilitan el acceso a este tipo de piezas, ofreciendo una información de gran precisión sin ningún riesgo para el original y facilitando además la toma de medidas morfométricas. Asimismo, la digitalización 3D permite realizar un registro tridimensional de alta fidelidad que resulta de gran utilidad para asegurar la conservación y la restauración de estos objetos en caso de deterioro. En este estudio, se ponen en práctica ambas aplicaciones de esta tecnología en dos modelos anatómicos del Museo Veterinario de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Por un lado, se digitalizó un modelo de cera del siglo XIX que representa el sistema muscular de un caballo y que había sufrido daños en algunas zonas. La réplica digital obtenida sirvió como información gráfica del estado de la pieza antes de la reconstrucción volumétrica y para compararla con el registro obtenido al terminar la intervención. Por otro lado, se digitalizó y publicó en una web para la visualización de objetos 3D y realidad virtual otro modelo clástico de cera de un cerebro de caballo realizado en la misma época, lo que permite el acceso a esta pieza desde cualquier ordenador o teléfono móvil conectado a Internet.
One of the main challenges for science museum and collection managers is to find a balance between the ease of access to the objects on display and the guarantee of adequate conservation. This is especially important for scientific models or specimens that have a didactic or research use and that require in many cases relatively frequent manipulation, even more so if they are specimens of special fragility or historical value. One of the contributions of the new technologies of digitalization and 3D virtualization is precisely that they facilitate access to this type of pieces, offering highly accurate information without any risk to the original and also facilitating the taking of morphometric measurements. Likewise, 3D scanning allows a high-fidelity three-dimensional record to be made, which is very useful for ensuring the conservation and restoration of these objects in the event of deterioration. In this study, both applications of this technology are put into practice in two anatomical models of the Veterinary Museum of the Complutense University of Madrid. On the one hand, it was digitalized a wax model of the 19th century that represents the muscular system of a horse and that had suffered damages in some areas. The digital replica obtained served as graphic information of the state of the piece before the volumetric reconstruction and to compare it with the record obtained at the end of the intervention. On the other hand, another classic wax model of a horse's brain made at the same time was digitized and published on a website for the visualization of 3D objects and virtual reality, which allows access to this piece from any computer or cell phone connected to the Internet.
One of the main challenges for science museum and collection managers is to find a balance between the ease of access to the objects on display and the guarantee of adequate conservation. This is especially important for scientific models or specimens that have a didactic or research use and that require in many cases relatively frequent manipulation, even more so if they are specimens of special fragility or historical value. One of the contributions of the new technologies of digitalization and 3D virtualization is precisely that they facilitate access to this type of pieces, offering highly accurate information without any risk to the original and also facilitating the taking of morphometric measurements. Likewise, 3D scanning allows a high-fidelity three-dimensional record to be made, which is very useful for ensuring the conservation and restoration of these objects in the event of deterioration. In this study, both applications of this technology are put into practice in two anatomical models of the Veterinary Museum of the Complutense University of Madrid. On the one hand, it was digitalized a wax model of the 19th century that represents the muscular system of a horse and that had suffered damages in some areas. The digital replica obtained served as graphic information of the state of the piece before the volumetric reconstruction and to compare it with the record obtained at the end of the intervention. On the other hand, another classic wax model of a horse's brain made at the same time was digitized and published on a website for the visualization of 3D objects and virtual reality, which allows access to this piece from any computer or cell phone connected to the Internet.
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