Publication: Ejercicios Excéntricos en Patología Musculoesquelética
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2018
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Abstract
La patología musculoesquelética engloba numerosos trastornos del aparato locomotor, que cursan con síntomas como dolor, inflamación, pérdida de fuerza e impotencia funcional. Estas afecciones destacan por su elevada prevalencia en la población general, afectando a la calidad de vida y a la funcionalidad de las personas que las padecen. Son las patologías que mayor gasto socioeconómico suponen, ya que ocasionan gran pérdida en la productividad laboral, desarrollando costes sociales y laborales muy elevados. La mayoría de estas condiciones reciben tratamiento fisioterápico, en el que la terapia mediante los ejercicios excéntricos resulta ser un tratamiento conservador realmente eficaz, debido principalmente a sus grandes beneficios en comparación con otras técnicas de fortalecimiento. Esta modalidad de ejercicios produce elevadas solicitaciones en la unidad músculo-tendón debido al alargamiento físico que se produce en el músculo al realizar la contracción, además, genera un menor gasto metabólico produciendo una menor tasa de fatiga muscular. Por ello, pese a ser una terapia inusual para la mayoría, y que requiere una habituación previa por parte de los pacientes para su correcta ejecución, los ejercicios excéntricos deben introducirse en un programa de fisioterapia para el tratamiento de numerosas patologías del sistema musculoesquelético.
The musculoskeletal pathology includes numerous disordes of the locomotor system, which present symptoms such as pain, inflammation, loos of strength and functional impotence. These conditions are notable for their high prevalence in the general population, affecting the quality of life and the functionality of the people who suffer from them. These are the pathologies that cause the greatest socioeconomic expenditure, since they cause a great loss in labor productivity, developing very high social and labor costs. Most of these conditions receive physiotherapeutic treatment, mainly due to its great benefits in comparision with other strengthening techniques. This exercise modality produces high stresses in the muscle-tendon unit due to the physical lengthening that occurs in the muscle when performing the contraction, in addition, it generates a lower metabolic expense producing a lowe of muscular fatigue. Therefore, despite being an unusual therapy for the majority, and that requiers a previous habituation on the part of the patients for its correct execution, the eccentric exercises must be introduced in a physiotherapy.
The musculoskeletal pathology includes numerous disordes of the locomotor system, which present symptoms such as pain, inflammation, loos of strength and functional impotence. These conditions are notable for their high prevalence in the general population, affecting the quality of life and the functionality of the people who suffer from them. These are the pathologies that cause the greatest socioeconomic expenditure, since they cause a great loss in labor productivity, developing very high social and labor costs. Most of these conditions receive physiotherapeutic treatment, mainly due to its great benefits in comparision with other strengthening techniques. This exercise modality produces high stresses in the muscle-tendon unit due to the physical lengthening that occurs in the muscle when performing the contraction, in addition, it generates a lower metabolic expense producing a lowe of muscular fatigue. Therefore, despite being an unusual therapy for the majority, and that requiers a previous habituation on the part of the patients for its correct execution, the eccentric exercises must be introduced in a physiotherapy.