Publication: Bacteriemias tras el tratamiento periodontal básico en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares.
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2020
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Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del raspado y alisado radicular sobre la frecuencia de bacteriemia en comparación con la profilaxis supragingival en pacientes con periodontitis estadios III o IV y enfermedad cardiovascular establecida.
Material y métodos: Se realiza un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado con diseño paralelo en una muestra de pacientes procedentes del Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa. El grupo test recibió raspado y alisado radicular, mientras que el grupo control recibió profilaxis supragingival. Se evaluó la frecuencia de bacteriemia antes y durante el tratamiento, a los 3 y 10 minutos de su inicio, mediante técnicas de cultivo anaerobio directo (CAD) y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa a tiempo real (qPCR), para la detección de Porphyromonas gingivalis y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. La frecuencia de bacteriemia se comparó entre ambos grupos mediante test de Chi cuadrado.
Resultados: Se presentan los resultados de una submuestra de 25 pacientes, 14 pertenecientes al grupo control y 11 al grupo test. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los parámetros basales demográficos, clínicos o microbiológicos periodontales entre los grupos. El empleo de CAD no logró detectar bacteriemia en ninguno de los grupos. La frecuencia basal de P. gingivalis, medida mediante qPCR, fue de 7,10% en el grupo control y 27,30% en el grupo test (p = 0,288). La prevalencia basal de A. actinomycetemcomitans fue de 0% en el grupo control y 9,10% en el grupo test (p = 0,440). A los 10 minutos de tratamiento, P. gingivalis se encontró en 0% del grupo control y 27,30% del grupo test (p = 0,072); mientras que A. actinomycetemcomitans solo se encontró en 9,10% del grupo test (p = 0,440).
Conclusión: En este grupo de pacientes, el raspado y alisado radicular no aumenta de manera significativa la frecuencia de bacteriemia en pacientes con periodontitis estadio III y IV y enfermedad cardiovascular establecida.
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Trabajo Fin de Master encuadrado en la línea de investigación Eficacia de intervenciones para el tratamiento de enfermedades periodontales y periimplantarias
UCM subjects
Unesco subjects
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