Publication: Du mot à l 'idée l'emploi et l'usage du mot citoyen dans la littérature française du XVIIIe siècle
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2020-12-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
"Introducción": El presente trabajo doctoral pretende explorar el empleo y el uso de la palabra citoyen (en español ciudadano) en la literatura francesa del siglo XVIII antes que estalle la Revolución de 1789 y de la cual la palabra es considerada uno de los símbolos. Para ello, hemos seleccionado un corpus de obras de reflexión y de ficción, publicadas especialmente en torno al 1750 - 1765, que consideramos representativas del fenómeno que estudiamos (la presencia de la palabra, el contexto) y al mismo tiempo contrastivas. Para determinar con exactitud los cambios que se operan o pueden darse en el uso de la palabra respecto a su definición en los diccionarios de la época y para comprobar si la palabra está asociada a ciertas nociones, y en ese caso intentar construir un campo asociativo de nuestro término, hemos escogido la base metodológica del análisis del discurso que cuenta con una amplia gama de categorías descriptivas y metodológicas y cuya multiplicidad ha jugado un papel decisivo en los logros dentro del análisis textual en los últimos cincuenta años. Para este estudio semasiológico de la palabra citoyen en el discurso literario dos aspectos han sido fundamentales: por un lado, la perspectiva enunciativa (según la teoría de Benveniste) ya que el sentido no es un dato estático y fijo, sino que está ligado a varios factores derivados de la utilización de la lengua, a las funciones del enunciado en situación, a las acciones realizadas por el sujeto hablante y las palabras adquieren valores semánticos y pragmáticos a partir del contexto, los referentes, los hablantes, los interlocutores, y por el otro el eje sintagmático de la palabra teniendo en cuenta su cotexto, especialmente los verbos y los adjetivos, interesándonos también por las repeticiones de las estructuras sintácticas. Gracias a estos enfoques hemos podido esbozar las prácticas asociadas a la palabra citoyen en el transcurso del siglo XVIII así como plantear la cuestión de la intertextualidad entre las obras de reflexión y las de ficción. La repetición de ciertos sintagmas con la palabra citoyen a través del corpus, cuales además no han perdido su actualidad ni en hoy día, nos lleva a la conclusión que desde el punto de vista antropológico, hay ciertos modelos semióticos inherentes al vocabulario cultural del Occidente desde la Antigüedad. Síntesis: El trabajo está dividido en seis partes: la introducción, cuatro partes y las conclusiones. La Introducción y la primera parte corresponden al marco teórico y metodológico, la segunda parte ofrece la definición del concepto del ciudadano a lo largo de la historia y más específicamente en el siglo XVIII, la tercera y la cuarta son las partes analíticas...
"Introduction": The current Ph.D. thesis aims to explore the use and the utilisation of the word citoyen (in English citizen) in Eighteenth-century French literature before the revolution of 1789, of which the word is considered one of the symbols. In order to do so, we have gathered a corpus of works of reflection and fiction, published especially around 1750-1765, which we consider representative of the phenomenon we study (the presence of the word, the context) and contrastive at the same time. In order to determine the changes that are or may occur in the use of the word with respect to its definition in the dictionaries of the time and to check whether the word is associated with certain notions, and in that case try to build an associative field of our term, we have chosen the methodological basis of the discourse analysis that has a wide range of descriptive and methodological categories and whose multiplicity has played a decisive role in the achievements of the textual analysis in the last fifty years. For this semantic study of the word citoyen in the literary discourse two aspects have been fundamental: on the one hand, the enunciative perspective (according to Benveniste's theory) since the meaning is not a static and fixed fact, but is linked to several factors arising from the use of the language, the actions taken by the speaking subject and words acquire semantic and pragmatic values from the context, the references, the speakers, the interlocutors, and on the other hand the syntagmatic axis of the word bearing in mind its cotext, especially verbs and adjectives; we are also interested in repetitions of syntactic structures with our term... Thanks to these approaches, we have been able to outline the practices associated with the word citoyen in the course of the eighteenth century so that we raise the question of the intertextuality between works of reflection and fiction. The repetition of certain syntactic structures with the word citoyen through the corpus, which have not lost its current at present day, leads us to the conclusion that from an anthropological point of view, there are certain semiotic models inherent in the cultural vocabulary of the Western world since Antiquity. Synthesis:The work is divided into six parts: the introduction, four parts and the conclusions. The Introduction and the first part are the theoretical and methodological framework of the search, the second part provides the definition of the concept of the citizen throughout the history and specifically in the Eighteenth-century and the third and fourth parts are the analytical parts...
"Introduction": The current Ph.D. thesis aims to explore the use and the utilisation of the word citoyen (in English citizen) in Eighteenth-century French literature before the revolution of 1789, of which the word is considered one of the symbols. In order to do so, we have gathered a corpus of works of reflection and fiction, published especially around 1750-1765, which we consider representative of the phenomenon we study (the presence of the word, the context) and contrastive at the same time. In order to determine the changes that are or may occur in the use of the word with respect to its definition in the dictionaries of the time and to check whether the word is associated with certain notions, and in that case try to build an associative field of our term, we have chosen the methodological basis of the discourse analysis that has a wide range of descriptive and methodological categories and whose multiplicity has played a decisive role in the achievements of the textual analysis in the last fifty years. For this semantic study of the word citoyen in the literary discourse two aspects have been fundamental: on the one hand, the enunciative perspective (according to Benveniste's theory) since the meaning is not a static and fixed fact, but is linked to several factors arising from the use of the language, the actions taken by the speaking subject and words acquire semantic and pragmatic values from the context, the references, the speakers, the interlocutors, and on the other hand the syntagmatic axis of the word bearing in mind its cotext, especially verbs and adjectives; we are also interested in repetitions of syntactic structures with our term... Thanks to these approaches, we have been able to outline the practices associated with the word citoyen in the course of the eighteenth century so that we raise the question of the intertextuality between works of reflection and fiction. The repetition of certain syntactic structures with the word citoyen through the corpus, which have not lost its current at present day, leads us to the conclusion that from an anthropological point of view, there are certain semiotic models inherent in the cultural vocabulary of the Western world since Antiquity. Synthesis:The work is divided into six parts: the introduction, four parts and the conclusions. The Introduction and the first part are the theoretical and methodological framework of the search, the second part provides the definition of the concept of the citizen throughout the history and specifically in the Eighteenth-century and the third and fourth parts are the analytical parts...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Filología, leía el 30-06-2020