Publication: Las expresiones proverbiales en la Orestea de Ésquilo
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2020-12-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se estudian en esta tesis las expresiones proverbiales en la Orestea de Esquilo, la única trilogía trágica que se nos ha conservado. I. La Introducción consta de cinco capítulos. Tras un breve capítulo sobre la relación entre expresiones proverbiales, tradición sapiencial y tragedia griega en el que se incluyen también algunas observaciones sobre el estudio moderno de las expresiones proverbiales griegas y el plan de la tesis (capitulo 1), se pasa a tratar las cuestiones paremiológicas que han de servir de base a la investigación subsiguiente: a partir de un estudio previo general sobre las expresiones fijas y proverbiales y sus tipos basado en la investigación fraseológica y paremiológica moderna (capitulo 2) se pasa después (capitulo 3) al estudio del genero griego de la παροιμμίία y de los problemas y modos de identificación de expresiones proverbiales y sus variaciones en una lengua que ya no se habla (capítulos 4 y 5). II. El grueso de la tesis lo constituye el estudio de cada una de las expresiones proverbiales de la Orestea. II.1. En primer lugar, se hace un estudio particular de cada una de las expresiones proverbiales que pueden identificarse como tales en la Orestea con mayor seguridad. A cada una de ellas se dedica un capítulo, que tiene dos partes principales. Primero se estudia la expresión proverbial por si misma: a partir de sus testimonios, eruditos y de uso, se tratan su identificación como proverbial, su forma, su origen y su uso. Solo después de este estudio previo puede pasarse a la segunda parte: el comentario del uso de la expresión en el texto de la Orestea, de su funcionamiento como elemento de la composición, que es el aspecto más descuidado en los estudios dedicados a los proverbios griegos. Cada expresión proverbial se estudia en su contexto cercano y dentro de la estructura general de la obra, preguntándose por qué, para que y como se usa y de qué manera se relaciona con los demás elementos que componen el texto. A menudo se tratan cuestiones de crítica e interpretación del texto de Esquilo; a veces también de otros textos. II.2. Se dedican otros tres capítulos (uno por tragedia) a la discusión de otras posibles expresiones proverbiales en la Orestea. III. A partir de este estudio particular de cada expresión proverbial se pasa al estudio conjunto de las expresiones proverbiales en la Orestea. En esta última parte se tratan las siguientes cuestiones principales: la identificación de las expresiones proverbiales de la Orestea en los estudios anteriores, la relación entre expresiones proverbiales y critica e interpretación del texto, el registro o nivel de lengua de las expresiones proverbiales en relación con la lexis trágica, su semántica y campos de procedencia, sus ideas e imágenes principales en relación con las ideas e imágenes principales de la Orestea, sus tipos, su distribución en las tres tragedias y en el recitado y el canto coral, las funciones de los proverbios gnómicos y de las locuciones proverbiales, la autoridad de las expresiones proverbiales y su uso para la argumentación, el empleo de expresiones proverbiales y de corte proverbial en las escenas de enfrentamiento, la función estructuradora de las expresiones proverbiales, su relación con los personajes en su situación dramática, sus grados y formas de variación y desautomatización, su influencia en el lenguaje de expresiones no proverbiales, su contribución a la creación de un mundo arcaico ficticio, su función política, algunos efectos particulares de las expresiones proverbiales en el público.
This dissertation studies the proverbial expressions in Aeschylus’ Oresteia, the only extant tragic trilogy we have I. The Introduction comprises five chapters. After a brief chapter on the relationship between proverbial expressions, wisdom tradition and Greek tragedy which also includes some remarks on the modern study of Greek proverbial expressions and presents the plan of the dissertation (chapter 1), some paremiological questions are treated that will provide the basis for our subsequent research: a preliminary general study of fixed and proverbial expressions based on modern phraseological and paremiological investigation (chapter 2); a study of the Greek concept and genre of παροιμμίία and its types (chapter 3); a discussion of the problems and ways of identifying proverbial expressions (chapter 4) and their variation (chapter 5) in a language no longer spoken. II. The study of each proverbial expression in the Oresteia is the longest part of my dissertation. II.1. A chapter is devoted to each of the expressions which can be identified as proverbial in the Oresteia with a greater degree of certainty. Each of these chapters has two main parts. First, the proverbial expression is studied by itself: on the basis of the evidence provided by ancient testimonies, both scholarly and literary, of the expression, I treat its identification as a proverbial expression, its form, origin and use. This previous study provides the basis for the second part: a commentary on the use of the proverbial expression in the Oresteia, on its function as an element of the composition, which is the most neglected aspect in studies of Greek proverbs. Each proverbial expression is studied in its immediate context and in relation with the general structure of the play, in an attempt to understand why, for what purpose and how it is used, and how it relates to the rest of the elements that form the text. This often leads to discussion on problems of textual criticism and on the interpretation of Aeschylus’ text, occasionally also of other texts.II.2. Other possible proverbial expressions are discussed in the next three chapters (one per tragedy). III. From this study of each particular proverbial expression I proceed to a general study of the proverbial expressions in the Oresteia. In this last part several issues are discussed: the identification of these proverbial expressions in previous literature, the relationship between proverbial expressions and textual criticism and interpretation, their linguistic register in relation to tragic language, their semantics and fields of procedence, their main ideas and images in relation to the main ideas and images in the Oresteia, their types, their distribution among the three tragedies and in choral song and recited verse, the functions of gnomic proverbs in contrast with proverbial phrases, the authority of proverbial expressions and their use in argumentation, the occurrence of proverbial and similar expressions in contest scenes, the structuring function of proverbial expressions, their relationship with characters in their dramatic situation, their forms and degrees of variation and desautomatization, their influence on the language of non (traditional) proverbial expressions, their contribution to the making of an archaic fictional world, their political function, some particular effects proverbial expressions have on the audience.
This dissertation studies the proverbial expressions in Aeschylus’ Oresteia, the only extant tragic trilogy we have I. The Introduction comprises five chapters. After a brief chapter on the relationship between proverbial expressions, wisdom tradition and Greek tragedy which also includes some remarks on the modern study of Greek proverbial expressions and presents the plan of the dissertation (chapter 1), some paremiological questions are treated that will provide the basis for our subsequent research: a preliminary general study of fixed and proverbial expressions based on modern phraseological and paremiological investigation (chapter 2); a study of the Greek concept and genre of παροιμμίία and its types (chapter 3); a discussion of the problems and ways of identifying proverbial expressions (chapter 4) and their variation (chapter 5) in a language no longer spoken. II. The study of each proverbial expression in the Oresteia is the longest part of my dissertation. II.1. A chapter is devoted to each of the expressions which can be identified as proverbial in the Oresteia with a greater degree of certainty. Each of these chapters has two main parts. First, the proverbial expression is studied by itself: on the basis of the evidence provided by ancient testimonies, both scholarly and literary, of the expression, I treat its identification as a proverbial expression, its form, origin and use. This previous study provides the basis for the second part: a commentary on the use of the proverbial expression in the Oresteia, on its function as an element of the composition, which is the most neglected aspect in studies of Greek proverbs. Each proverbial expression is studied in its immediate context and in relation with the general structure of the play, in an attempt to understand why, for what purpose and how it is used, and how it relates to the rest of the elements that form the text. This often leads to discussion on problems of textual criticism and on the interpretation of Aeschylus’ text, occasionally also of other texts.II.2. Other possible proverbial expressions are discussed in the next three chapters (one per tragedy). III. From this study of each particular proverbial expression I proceed to a general study of the proverbial expressions in the Oresteia. In this last part several issues are discussed: the identification of these proverbial expressions in previous literature, the relationship between proverbial expressions and textual criticism and interpretation, their linguistic register in relation to tragic language, their semantics and fields of procedence, their main ideas and images in relation to the main ideas and images in the Oresteia, their types, their distribution among the three tragedies and in choral song and recited verse, the functions of gnomic proverbs in contrast with proverbial phrases, the authority of proverbial expressions and their use in argumentation, the occurrence of proverbial and similar expressions in contest scenes, the structuring function of proverbial expressions, their relationship with characters in their dramatic situation, their forms and degrees of variation and desautomatization, their influence on the language of non (traditional) proverbial expressions, their contribution to the making of an archaic fictional world, their political function, some particular effects proverbial expressions have on the audience.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 10-07-2020