Publication: Las Cadenas Logísticas en los Hinterlands Portuarios: El Caso de los Complejos Exportadores en la República Argentina
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2020-12-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El análisis de los hinterlands portuarios, su extensión y limitaciones logísticas, es uno de los campos de investigación en los que la geografía del transporte encuentra nuevos desafíos e intereses, dada la posibilidad de realizar estudios e investigaciones mediante técnicas instrumentales recientes, sobre un proceso complejo como el de los tráficos de cargas, en este caso de exportación, con requerimientos de información abundante, datos diversos y complejos, susceptibles de ser compatibilizados mediante metodologías de análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, logrando resultados más sofisticados y con definiciones
cada vez más precisas. En la actualidad los puertos más avanzados y los Estados de los países en los cuales operan muestran un interés creciente en el estudio de las redes logísticas que vertebran los hinterlands, su real dimensión y la forma en que se direccionan los tráficos hacia los extremos de las cadenas productivas -la “primera y última” milla- influye en los costos de una operación de comercio exterior, dado el aplanamiento de las tarifas del transporte marítimo en el centro de la cadena logística, situación que instaló la importancia de la fase inicial y final, es decir los procesos que se localizan en el territorio del hinterland. La geografía del transporte es útil para el análisis de los efectos reales que las redes producen en la accesibilidad a los puertos, la preocupación por estos temas, inicialmente surgida en los países más desarrollados, va llegando también a los periféricos, interesados en articularse con las grandes redes de transporte internacional a partir de la integración de sus productos más competitivos en cadenas globales de valor. Esta investigación está abocada a los hinterlands más competitivos de Argentina y las redes logísticas que los configuran, focalizándose en la producción agropecuaria (graneles agrícolas, en particular cereales y oleaginosas) y el desplazamiento de estas mercancías hasta los principales puertos de exportación, regionalizados en dos nodos principales, uno fluvial (los puertos del Gran Rosario) y otro de aguas profundas (los del Atlántico de la provincia de Buenos Aires). Nuestro objetivo principal es analizar el desarrollo logístico mediante la cuantificación de los tráficos que circulan entre los principales centros de producción y los puertos, realizando un estudio georreferenciado de los flujos de cargas, sobre una red vial de gran extensión. Para alcanzar una visión con mayor nivel de detalle, el estudio se integró con un relevamiento cualitativo consistente en entrevistas a los principales actores del sistema logístico, productores agropecuarios, exportadores, operadores portuarios y proveedores de servicios. También fueron revisados algunos de los principales conceptos referidos a la globalización, los cuales caracterizan la temática investigada...
Analysis of port hinterlands, their extension and logistic limitations, is one of the fields of research at which transport geography finds new challenges and interests, given the possibility to do studies and research through recent instrumental techniques, over a complex process as is that of the traffics of merchandise, in this case exports, with abundant information requests, of diverse and complex data; susceptible of being compatibilized through methodologies both quantitative and qualitative, and achieving more sophisticated results and with definitions of ever growing accurateness. As of today, state-of-the-art ports plus the States of countries on which those operate, show a growing interest in studying the logistic networks that make the backbone of their respective hinterlands; the real dimension of said hinterlands; and the way in which traffic at the extremes of the production chain -that “first and last” mile- influence costs in a foreign trade operation, given the flattening of costs at the center of said chain, which in turn augmented the importance of initial and final flows of traffic, that is those which take place on the hinterland. Transport geography is useful for the estimation of the real effects said internal networks have on cargo operations, and concern over these subject matters, which appeared initially at more developed countries, is now also reaching those in the periphery, interested in participating of the big international transport networks through the integration of their more competitive products in global value chains. This investigation is dedicated to the more competitive hinterlands in Argentina and the logistic networks that compose them, focusing in the country’s most competitive production (agricultural bulk freights, in particular cereals and oleaginous crops) and the paths it makes towards the main ports for its exportation; these ports can be divided in two main nodes, one of them fluvial (the Great Rosario ports) and another at sea level (the Buenos Aires Atlantic ports). Our main objective is to analyze logistic development through quantification of the traffic flows going between the main production areas and the ports, making a geo-referenced study of these flows, over a road network of great extension. For a better and wider view, this is complemented with a qualitative study consisting in interviews to some of the main actors at this operation, among producers, export traders, port operators and logistic operators. We also review some of the main concepts about globalization which frame these processes...
Analysis of port hinterlands, their extension and logistic limitations, is one of the fields of research at which transport geography finds new challenges and interests, given the possibility to do studies and research through recent instrumental techniques, over a complex process as is that of the traffics of merchandise, in this case exports, with abundant information requests, of diverse and complex data; susceptible of being compatibilized through methodologies both quantitative and qualitative, and achieving more sophisticated results and with definitions of ever growing accurateness. As of today, state-of-the-art ports plus the States of countries on which those operate, show a growing interest in studying the logistic networks that make the backbone of their respective hinterlands; the real dimension of said hinterlands; and the way in which traffic at the extremes of the production chain -that “first and last” mile- influence costs in a foreign trade operation, given the flattening of costs at the center of said chain, which in turn augmented the importance of initial and final flows of traffic, that is those which take place on the hinterland. Transport geography is useful for the estimation of the real effects said internal networks have on cargo operations, and concern over these subject matters, which appeared initially at more developed countries, is now also reaching those in the periphery, interested in participating of the big international transport networks through the integration of their more competitive products in global value chains. This investigation is dedicated to the more competitive hinterlands in Argentina and the logistic networks that compose them, focusing in the country’s most competitive production (agricultural bulk freights, in particular cereals and oleaginous crops) and the paths it makes towards the main ports for its exportation; these ports can be divided in two main nodes, one of them fluvial (the Great Rosario ports) and another at sea level (the Buenos Aires Atlantic ports). Our main objective is to analyze logistic development through quantification of the traffic flows going between the main production areas and the ports, making a geo-referenced study of these flows, over a road network of great extension. For a better and wider view, this is complemented with a qualitative study consisting in interviews to some of the main actors at this operation, among producers, export traders, port operators and logistic operators. We also review some of the main concepts about globalization which frame these processes...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el, 03-06-2020