Publication: Innovación en la ciencia forense nuclear de la detección de materiales nucleares y radiactivos para la lucha contra la amenaza NRBQe
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2021-02-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación está enfocado principalmente desde dos perspectivas; la seguridad internacional y la protección radiológica. Desde el punto de vista de la seguridad internacional, se examinan las capacidades básicas en ciencia forense nuclear en cuanto a detección, medida e identificación de agentes radiológicos y nucleares, esta tarea se realiza gracias a la estrecha colaboración que el centro donde trabaja la autora de esta memoria, CIEMAT, tiene con los Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado. Esta investigación se materializa con el estudio de los equipos que disponen las Unidades de NRBQ de la Guardia Civil y durante el proceso de adiestramiento y entrenamiento del Regimiento NBQ “Valencia” Nº 1, en el que mediante un escenario en el que está implicado el Uranio en diversos grados de enriquecimiento se determina hasta que punto puede detectarse y caracterizarse este tipo de materiales en campo, si estos fueran interceptados, que equipos serían necesarios para ello y cuales son las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de unos u otros. Además, parte de este trabajo deinvestigación está enmarcado dentro de un proyecto de la Unión Europea H2020, su título en Inglés: “MESMERISE-Multi-Energy High Resolution Modular Scan System for Internal and External ConcealedCommodities”. El objetivo de éste es el desarrollo de un escáner de seguridad de cuerpo entero de altaresolución, no intrusivo, para detectar e identificar mercancías ocultas dentro del cuerpo o bajo la ropa, dentro de estas mercancías podrían estar incluidos materiales NRBQ, ya que se detectarían en el sistema por su diferente densidad. De esta forma, se acrecentaría la seguridad de los sistemas actuales, evitando casos fraudulentos de traspaso de mercancías prohibidas, desde agentes NRBQ, explosivos, drogas y otros...
The current research work is focused mainly from two perspectives; international security and radiation protection.From the point of view of international security, the main objective was to examine the core capabilities in nuclear forensics in terms of detection, measurement and identification of radiological and nuclear agents. This tasks was able to be done thanks to the close collaboration between CIEMAT (workplace where the author of this report is working for) and the State Security Forces and Corps, with these processes under agreement, it was possible the implementation of the most innovative protocols in security issues. This investigation materialized with the following: 1) the inspection and testing of equipment, belonging to the NRBQ Units of the Civil Guard, and 2) the training of the NBQ Regiment “Valencia” No. 1, enphasizing the importance of Uranium detection (nuclear material). The aim at this point was investigate how to detect it on site inspection and, compare these results with the ones at laboratory, then, through a scenario, in wich Uranium in different degrees of enrichment was supposedly intercepted, it was required to answer: 1) to what extent this type of materials can be detected and characterized on site, if they were intercepted, 2) what equipment would be necessary for this and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using each other. In addition, part of this research work is framed within a European Union H2020 project, its English title: “MESMERISE-Multi-Energy High Resolution Modular Scan System for Internal and External Concealed Commodities”. The objective of this is project is the development of a high-resolution, non-intrusive, full-body security scanner to detect and identify hidden goods inside the body or under clothing. NRBQ agents could be included in these goods, them would be detected in the system due to its different density relating to the humam body. In this way, the security of current systems would be increased, avoiding fraudulent cases of prohibited goods transferred...
The current research work is focused mainly from two perspectives; international security and radiation protection.From the point of view of international security, the main objective was to examine the core capabilities in nuclear forensics in terms of detection, measurement and identification of radiological and nuclear agents. This tasks was able to be done thanks to the close collaboration between CIEMAT (workplace where the author of this report is working for) and the State Security Forces and Corps, with these processes under agreement, it was possible the implementation of the most innovative protocols in security issues. This investigation materialized with the following: 1) the inspection and testing of equipment, belonging to the NRBQ Units of the Civil Guard, and 2) the training of the NBQ Regiment “Valencia” No. 1, enphasizing the importance of Uranium detection (nuclear material). The aim at this point was investigate how to detect it on site inspection and, compare these results with the ones at laboratory, then, through a scenario, in wich Uranium in different degrees of enrichment was supposedly intercepted, it was required to answer: 1) to what extent this type of materials can be detected and characterized on site, if they were intercepted, 2) what equipment would be necessary for this and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using each other. In addition, part of this research work is framed within a European Union H2020 project, its English title: “MESMERISE-Multi-Energy High Resolution Modular Scan System for Internal and External Concealed Commodities”. The objective of this is project is the development of a high-resolution, non-intrusive, full-body security scanner to detect and identify hidden goods inside the body or under clothing. NRBQ agents could be included in these goods, them would be detected in the system due to its different density relating to the humam body. In this way, the security of current systems would be increased, avoiding fraudulent cases of prohibited goods transferred...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, leída el 26-02-2020