Publication: Procesos psicosociales de discriminación contra la mujer
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2021-02-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo investigar qué procesos psicosociales subyacen a la persistencia de la discriminación contra las mujeres en dos contextos: violencia laboral y sexual. Para lograr esto, este trabajo reunió tres investigaciones que adoptan como referencia teórica los supuestos de la teoría de las relaciones intergrupales (Tajfel, 1982). La primera investigación analizó el efecto del género del candidato (hombre frente a mujer) y el estado de licencia parental (disfrute frente a disgusto) sobre la discriminación contra las mujeres en el trabajo; así como evaluar la atribución de rasgos estereotípicos a dichos candidatos en términos de dimensiones de competencia, sociabilidad y moralidad. El género del solicitante y el estado de licencia parental interactúan e influyen juntos en la discriminación (Estudio 1, N = 315). A su vez, la mujer en licencia de maternidad se evaluó más positivamente en las tres dimensiones estereotipadas en comparación con la mujer que había renunciado a la licencia y peor en la dimensión de competencia en comparación con el hombre que disfrutaba del mismo derecho (Estudio 2, N = 312 ) La segunda investigación examinó la influencia de la membresía grupal (ingroup vs. exogroup) y la adherencia a los valores morales y Fair World Belief en la responsabilidad de las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual. La víctima del grupo fue más responsable (Estudio 1, N = 250); y esta relación fue moderada por los valores de unión (Estudio 2, N = 117) y por CMJ (Estudio 3, N = 258). Tomados en conjunto, los resultados sugieren que la responsabilidad de la víctima de violencia sexual es mayor cuando pertenece al grupo; y que esta relación se predice por la alta adherencia a los valores vinculantes y la baja adherencia a Belief in a Fair World (CMJ). Finalmente, la tercera investigación de este documento analizó los testimonios de víctimas de violencia en investigaciones policiales realizadas entre 2015 y 2017, con el propósito de investigar las configuraciones que puede asumir la violencia contra las mujeres.
This thesis aims to investigate which psychosocial processes underlie the persistence of discrimination against women in two contexts: labor and sexual violence. To achieve this, this work brought together three investigations that adopt as theoretical reference the assumptions of the theory of intergroup relations (Tajfel, 1982). The first investigation analyzed the effect of the candidate's gender (male vs. female) and parental leave status (enjoy vs. dislike) on discrimination against women at work; as well as evaluating the attribution of stereotypic traits to such candidates in terms of dimensions of competence, sociability and morality. The applicant's gender and parental leave status interact and together influence discrimination (Study 1, N = 315). In turn, the woman on maternity leave was evaluated more positively in the three stereotypical dimensions when compared to the woman who had waived the license and worse in the competence dimension when compared to the man who enjoyed the same right (Study 2, N = 312). The second investigation examined the influence of group membership (ingroup vs. exogroup) and adherence to moral values and Fair World Belief in the accountability of women victims of sexual violence. The in-group victim was more responsible (Study 1, N = 250); and this relationship was moderated by the binding values (Study 2, N = 117) and by CMJ (Study 3, N = 258). Taken together, the results suggest that the responsibility of the victim of sexual violence is higher when she belongs to the in-group; and that this relationship is predicted by high adherence to binding values and low adherence to Belief in a Fair World (CMJ). Finally, the third investigation of this paper took a look at the testimonies of victims of violence in police investigations conducted between 2015 and 2017, with the purpose of investigating the configurations that violence against women can assume.
This thesis aims to investigate which psychosocial processes underlie the persistence of discrimination against women in two contexts: labor and sexual violence. To achieve this, this work brought together three investigations that adopt as theoretical reference the assumptions of the theory of intergroup relations (Tajfel, 1982). The first investigation analyzed the effect of the candidate's gender (male vs. female) and parental leave status (enjoy vs. dislike) on discrimination against women at work; as well as evaluating the attribution of stereotypic traits to such candidates in terms of dimensions of competence, sociability and morality. The applicant's gender and parental leave status interact and together influence discrimination (Study 1, N = 315). In turn, the woman on maternity leave was evaluated more positively in the three stereotypical dimensions when compared to the woman who had waived the license and worse in the competence dimension when compared to the man who enjoyed the same right (Study 2, N = 312). The second investigation examined the influence of group membership (ingroup vs. exogroup) and adherence to moral values and Fair World Belief in the accountability of women victims of sexual violence. The in-group victim was more responsible (Study 1, N = 250); and this relationship was moderated by the binding values (Study 2, N = 117) and by CMJ (Study 3, N = 258). Taken together, the results suggest that the responsibility of the victim of sexual violence is higher when she belongs to the in-group; and that this relationship is predicted by high adherence to binding values and low adherence to Belief in a Fair World (CMJ). Finally, the third investigation of this paper took a look at the testimonies of victims of violence in police investigations conducted between 2015 and 2017, with the purpose of investigating the configurations that violence against women can assume.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 19-3-2020