Publication: Estudio computacional de materiales como electrodo positivo para baterías recargables de calcio
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2021-03-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Actualmente las baterías recargables de ion-litio se utilizan en multitud de dispositivos electrónicos, en vehículos eléctricos y se presentan como una alternativa en el desarrollo de sistemas de almacenamiento integrados en la red eléctrica. A pesar de su buen resultado, el desarrollo de baterías recargables más livianas, baratas, estables, basadas en elementos abundantes y no tóxicos, y que proporcionen una mayor densidad de energía, es una necesidad urgente social, económica y medioambiental. Entre las tecnologías emergentes se han propuesto baterías recargables que utilicen como electrodo negativo elementos metálicos más abundantes que el litio y que funcionarían mediante la inserción reversible delos correspondientes iones metálicos en el electrodo positivo (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al). El calcio es un candidato atractivo debido a su bajo coste, abundancia natural y potencial de reducción relativamente bajo. La posibilidad de desarrollar las baterías recargables de calcio se ha visto impulsada por recientes avances en electrolitos no acuosos compatibles con el depósito y pelado reversible de un ánodo de Ca metálico. Para el desarrollo de estas baterías es imprescindible encontrar materiales capaces de actuar como electrodo positivo, en los que los iones calcio puedan ser reversiblemente intercalados, y que deben además cumplir una serie de requisitos de cara a que la batería proporcione buenas prestaciones...
The Li-ion technology currently dominates the rechargeable battery market for portable electronics and appears to be a possible near term solution for applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage. While the current state-of-the-art in rechargeable batteries is the Li-ion technology, research efforts are being intensified towards the development of alternative technologies to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for enhanced energy density and lower costs. This prompted the development of rechargeable batteries based on the more abundant and cheaper Na, K, Ca, Mg and Al metals. Rechargeable batteries based on a Ca-metal anode are attractive given the abundance of calcium in the Earth’s crust, the high capacity of calcium anodes (1340 mAh/g) and its negative reduction potential (only 170 mV above that of lithium metal). Under the perspective of high specific energies (exceeding 600mWh/g positive electrode material), researchers from various disciplines have joined endeavors in the quest of suitable electrode and electrolytes for the emerging Ca technology. Recent findings demonstrate the feasibility of the reversible calcium plate and stripping using different non-aqueous electrolytes with a large voltage stability window. The identification of suitable cathode materials, able to reversibly intercalate Ca ions and with appealing electrode characteristics, is a must in the development of this emerging technology...
The Li-ion technology currently dominates the rechargeable battery market for portable electronics and appears to be a possible near term solution for applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage. While the current state-of-the-art in rechargeable batteries is the Li-ion technology, research efforts are being intensified towards the development of alternative technologies to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for enhanced energy density and lower costs. This prompted the development of rechargeable batteries based on the more abundant and cheaper Na, K, Ca, Mg and Al metals. Rechargeable batteries based on a Ca-metal anode are attractive given the abundance of calcium in the Earth’s crust, the high capacity of calcium anodes (1340 mAh/g) and its negative reduction potential (only 170 mV above that of lithium metal). Under the perspective of high specific energies (exceeding 600mWh/g positive electrode material), researchers from various disciplines have joined endeavors in the quest of suitable electrode and electrolytes for the emerging Ca technology. Recent findings demonstrate the feasibility of the reversible calcium plate and stripping using different non-aqueous electrolytes with a large voltage stability window. The identification of suitable cathode materials, able to reversibly intercalate Ca ions and with appealing electrode characteristics, is a must in the development of this emerging technology...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, leída el 18-11-2020