Publication: La dirección de fotografía en el cine español (1940-1960). La obra de Juan Mariné
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2021-04-27
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Un recorrido por la historia del cine español revela lo escaso de los estudios acerca de la posición del director de fotografía en la creación de un film. El análisis del proceso de trabajo de estos profesionales y sus aportaciones, y el estudio documentado de una de las figuras más representativas de este oficio, es el fundamento para entender los cambios ocurridos en las producciones cinematográficas desde el punto de vista técnico y artístico, y como el director de fotografía juega un papel determinante en esta transformación. De ahí el interés que suscita esta investigación, descubrir y comprender con qué instrumentos y bajo qué condiciones el director de fotografía consigue un estilo propio a través del cual las imágenes adquirirán y conferirán sentido a las imágenes. El objeto de la presente investigación se centra en poner de manifiesto la importancia de la dirección de fotografía en el cine español en el periodo comprendido entre 1940 y 1960, prestando especial atención a la figura de Juan Mariné. Se establece un acercamiento teórico a la tecnología y técnicas fotográficas en las producciones cinematográficas españolas durante esas décadas. Además, a través de un recorrido por la historia del cine español, se identifica a los más distinguidos directores de fotografía de la época, su biografía y sus trabajos y experiencias y como estos han influido en la historia de la cinematografía española. El análisis de la obra fílmica del operador Juan Mariné parte de una serie de entrevistas realizadas en profundidad que sirven para trazar su trayectoria profesional y humana y que se contextualiza y completa con el análisis fotográfico de una selección de sus películas, que se pondrán en relación con las técnicas fotográficas empleadas en durante esa etapa. Este análisis incluye una valoración de la técnica utilizada por Mariné en su trabajo como director, además del contexto del filme y la relación entre ambos. Se evidencia la estrecha relación entre las técnicas, los géneros y el contexto social de la época, además de revelar a Juan Mariné como uno de los grandes profesionales de la fotografía en el cine español durante ese tiempo con un estilo propio que sirve de referencia para profesionales contemporáneos.
A journey through the history of Spanish cinema reveals the scarcity of studies on the position of the cinematographer in the creation of a film. The analysis of the work process of these professionals and their contributions, and the documented study of one of the most representative figures of this profession, is the basis for understanding the changes that have occurred in film productions from the technical and artistic point of view, and as the cinematographer plays a determining role in this transformation. Hence the interest that this research arouses, discovering and understanding with what instruments and under what conditions the cinematographer achieves his own style through which the images will acquire and give meaning to the images. The object of this research focuses on highlighting the importance of photography direction in Spanish cinema in the period between 1940 and 1960, paying special attention to the figure of Juan Mariné. A theoretical approach to technology and photographic techniques is established in Spanish film productions during those decades. In addition, through a journey through the history of Spanish cinema, the most distinguished cinematographers of the time are identified, their biography and their work and experiences and how these have influenced the history of Spanish cinematography. The analysis of the film work of the operator Juan Mariné is part of a series of in-depth interviews that serve to trace his professional and human career and that is contextualized and completed with the photographic analysis of a selection of his films, which will be related to the photographic techniques used during that stage. This analysis includes an assessment of the technique used by Mariné in his work as a director, as well as the context of the film and the relationship between the two. The close relationship between techniques, genres and the social context of the time is evidenced, in addition to revealing Juan Mariné as one of the great photography professionals in Spanish cinema during that time with his own style that serves as a reference for contemporary professionals.
A journey through the history of Spanish cinema reveals the scarcity of studies on the position of the cinematographer in the creation of a film. The analysis of the work process of these professionals and their contributions, and the documented study of one of the most representative figures of this profession, is the basis for understanding the changes that have occurred in film productions from the technical and artistic point of view, and as the cinematographer plays a determining role in this transformation. Hence the interest that this research arouses, discovering and understanding with what instruments and under what conditions the cinematographer achieves his own style through which the images will acquire and give meaning to the images. The object of this research focuses on highlighting the importance of photography direction in Spanish cinema in the period between 1940 and 1960, paying special attention to the figure of Juan Mariné. A theoretical approach to technology and photographic techniques is established in Spanish film productions during those decades. In addition, through a journey through the history of Spanish cinema, the most distinguished cinematographers of the time are identified, their biography and their work and experiences and how these have influenced the history of Spanish cinematography. The analysis of the film work of the operator Juan Mariné is part of a series of in-depth interviews that serve to trace his professional and human career and that is contextualized and completed with the photographic analysis of a selection of his films, which will be related to the photographic techniques used during that stage. This analysis includes an assessment of the technique used by Mariné in his work as a director, as well as the context of the film and the relationship between the two. The close relationship between techniques, genres and the social context of the time is evidenced, in addition to revealing Juan Mariné as one of the great photography professionals in Spanish cinema during that time with his own style that serves as a reference for contemporary professionals.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación, leída el 27/01/2021