Publication: Detección de especies potencialmente toxígenas de Aspergillus y Fusarium en maíz y avena. Diseño de nuevas estrategias sostenibles para su control
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2021-05-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los cultivos de cereal están frecuentemente contaminados por diversas especies de hongos filamentosos, siendo los géneros Fusarium y Aspergillus los más importantes por albergar las principales especies productoras de micotoxinas. La presencia de dichas especies en los granos supone un grave problema debido a que los cereales son una fuente básica de la alimentación tanto humana como animal. Si las condiciones de almacenamiento no son las adecuadas, los hongos presentes en los cereales pueden producir micotoxinas, generando una amenaza para la seguridad alimentaria, ocasionando efectos adversos en la salud de los seres humanos y animales y graves pérdidas económicas para el sector agrícola.
Dado el riesgo que presentan las micotoxinas, la Unión Europea ha establecido unos contenidos máximos permitidos de las mismas en los cereales y sus productos derivados. A su vez el Codex alimentarius, creado por la FAO, recoge diferentes medidas de protección, que pueden ayudar a minimizar el riesgo de contaminación por micotoxinas en los granos de cereal como es la aplicación de buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA).
Cuando las condiciones de humedad y temperatura no pueden ser controladas durante el almacenamiento de los cereales suelen emplearse fungicidas convencionales para inhibir el crecimiento fúngico y, de esta manera, evitar la aparición de micotoxinas en los granos. Sin embargo, su uso está en el punto de mira, ya que estos compuestos pueden ser perjudiciales tanto para la salud humana y animal como para el medio ambiente. Además, en la actualidad los consumidores demandan productos más naturales, por lo que es necesaria la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de control eficaces y sostenibles con el medio ambiente...
Cereal crops are often contaminated by diverse fungal species, and Fusarium and Aspergillus genera are the most important due to they include the main mycotoxinproducing species. The presence of these fungal species in the grains supposes a serious problem since cereals are a major food source for both human and animal diets. In the cases when storage conditions are not adequate, contaminating fungi may produce mycotoxins. These compounds threaten food safety, as well as human and animal health, and cause important economic losses in agricultural sector. Taking into account the risk posed by mycotoxins, the European Union has set the maximum limits in cereals and their derivatives. Moreover, the Codex Alimentarius, which was created by FAO, explains different measures, that can help to minimize mycotoxin contamination risk in cereal grains including the establishment of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Whether humidity and temperature conditions during cereal storage cannot be controlled, conventional fungicides are often used to prevent fungal growth and, therefore, mycotoxin occurrence in the grains. However, fungicides are in the spotlight since they could be harmful compounds for human and animal health as well as for the environment. Currently, the consumers demand more natural products, which makes necessary the search for new effective and environmentally friendly control methods...
Cereal crops are often contaminated by diverse fungal species, and Fusarium and Aspergillus genera are the most important due to they include the main mycotoxinproducing species. The presence of these fungal species in the grains supposes a serious problem since cereals are a major food source for both human and animal diets. In the cases when storage conditions are not adequate, contaminating fungi may produce mycotoxins. These compounds threaten food safety, as well as human and animal health, and cause important economic losses in agricultural sector. Taking into account the risk posed by mycotoxins, the European Union has set the maximum limits in cereals and their derivatives. Moreover, the Codex Alimentarius, which was created by FAO, explains different measures, that can help to minimize mycotoxin contamination risk in cereal grains including the establishment of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). Whether humidity and temperature conditions during cereal storage cannot be controlled, conventional fungicides are often used to prevent fungal growth and, therefore, mycotoxin occurrence in the grains. However, fungicides are in the spotlight since they could be harmful compounds for human and animal health as well as for the environment. Currently, the consumers demand more natural products, which makes necessary the search for new effective and environmentally friendly control methods...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, leída el 25/01/2021. Tesis formato europeo (compendio de artículos)