Publication: Revisión, distribución, evolución y papel ecológico de las especies nidificantes en caracoles del género Rhodanthidium Isensee, 1927 (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) del Mediterráneo Occidental
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2021-05-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El conocimiento que se tiene acerca de la mayoría de las especies de abejas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) aún es muy limitado, más allá de aquellas con un especial interés económico, como la abeja de la miel o alguna especie de abejorro. Aspectos como el comportamiento territorial, la nidificación, el papel ecológico a nivel de comunidad, la distribución o las relaciones evolutivas entre las especies y poblaciones de cada especie forman parte del fascinante y todavía vasto mundo de los Apoideos, que espera ser descubierto. El estudio realizado ha abordado el conocimiento acerca de uno de los grupos más interesantes de la familia Megachilidae, las 11 especies de abejas del género Rhodanthidium Isensee, 1927, haciendo un especial hincapié en las existentes en el Mediterráneo Occidental, principalmente en tres de ellas: Rhodanthidium septemdentatum, Rhodanthidium siculum y, sobre todo, Rhodanthidium sticticum. Se trata de especies solitarias y territoriales, que presentan un particularísimo comportamiento nidificador, en el interior de conchas vacías de individuos de Gasterópodos. El estudio en detalle de R. sticticum se debe a una mayor abundancia de esta especie, por lo que se ha hipotetizado un relevante papel polinizador sobre un mayor número de especies vegetales.
Para ello, se partió de una recopilación exhaustiva de toda la literatura acerca del género Rhodanthidium, desde la descripción original de las distintas especies hasta la distribución geográfica de cada uno de los taxones del género, pasando por su implicación en diversas redes ecológicas y por su papel como polinizadores de especies de plantas, incluyendo varias amenazadas. Asimismo, se han analizado filogenias moleculares a partir de cinco genes nucleares, basadas en análisis de inferencia bayesiana y máxima verosimilitud, para inferir las relaciones evolutivas entre las diferentes especies que componen este género. Además, se han estudiado las relaciones de parentesco entre las poblaciones de R. septemdentatum, R. siculum y R. sticticum, a partir de secuencias mitocondriales, en el Mediterráneo Occidental. E igualmente, y concerniente a la distribución de esas tres especies de Rhodanthidium, se han modelizado los requerimientos climáticos que condicionan sus distribuciones, así como el uso que hacen de las conchas de Gasterópodos y cómo esto influye en sus patrones de distribución en la Península Ibérica. Por último, se ha descrito y analizado el papel ecológico de R. sticticum, por medio del estudio de varias redes de polinización ibéricas, y se ha profundizado en diversos aspectos de su biología, tales como el uso de conchas de caracol más allá de la nidificación, la fenología, sus preferencias florales, el comportamiento territorial de los machos y el comportamiento reproductor...
Our knowledge about most of bee species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) is very limited yet, besides those with a particular economic interest, such as the honeybee or some species of bumblebees. Aspects like territorial behaviour, nidification, ecological role at the community level, distribution or evolutive relationships among species and populations of each species are part of that fascinating and still vast Apoidean world, waiting to be discovered. This study has focused on one of the most interesting generas of the family Megachilidae, the 11 species of bees of the genus Rhodanthidium Isensee, 1927, paying special attention to the species from the West Mediterranean, principally three of them: Rhodanthidium septemdentatum, Rhodanthidium siculum and, especially, Rhodanthidium sticticum. They are solitary and territorial bees, with a very particular nesting behaviour, inside empty Gastropod shells. The detailed study of R. sticticum responds to a greater abundance of this species, for what has been hypothesized that plays a relevant role on the pollination of a higher number of plant species. To this aim, first an exhaustive recopilation of all the literature about the genus Rhodanthidium was done, comprising from the original description of the species to the geographic distribution of each taxa of the genus, including their implication in ecological networks and their role as pollinators of plant species, including threatened ones. Likewise, molecular phylogenies were elaborated from five nuclear genes, based on bayesian inference and maximum likelihood, to infer the evolutive relationships between the different species that form this genus. Besides, the relationships and genetic exchange between populations of R. septemdentatum, R. siculum and R. sticticum were studied, from mitochondrial sequences, in the West Mediterranean. Equally, concerning the distribution of these three Rhodanthidium species, the climatic requirements responsible for it have been studied, as well as their use of Gastropod shells and how it affects their distribution patterns in the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the ecological role of R. sticticum has been described and analyzed, through the study of several Iberian pollination networks, and detailed aspects of its biology have been described, such as the use of Gastropod shells other than nesting, phenology, plant preferences, territorial behaviour of the males and mating behaviour...
Our knowledge about most of bee species (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) is very limited yet, besides those with a particular economic interest, such as the honeybee or some species of bumblebees. Aspects like territorial behaviour, nidification, ecological role at the community level, distribution or evolutive relationships among species and populations of each species are part of that fascinating and still vast Apoidean world, waiting to be discovered. This study has focused on one of the most interesting generas of the family Megachilidae, the 11 species of bees of the genus Rhodanthidium Isensee, 1927, paying special attention to the species from the West Mediterranean, principally three of them: Rhodanthidium septemdentatum, Rhodanthidium siculum and, especially, Rhodanthidium sticticum. They are solitary and territorial bees, with a very particular nesting behaviour, inside empty Gastropod shells. The detailed study of R. sticticum responds to a greater abundance of this species, for what has been hypothesized that plays a relevant role on the pollination of a higher number of plant species. To this aim, first an exhaustive recopilation of all the literature about the genus Rhodanthidium was done, comprising from the original description of the species to the geographic distribution of each taxa of the genus, including their implication in ecological networks and their role as pollinators of plant species, including threatened ones. Likewise, molecular phylogenies were elaborated from five nuclear genes, based on bayesian inference and maximum likelihood, to infer the evolutive relationships between the different species that form this genus. Besides, the relationships and genetic exchange between populations of R. septemdentatum, R. siculum and R. sticticum were studied, from mitochondrial sequences, in the West Mediterranean. Equally, concerning the distribution of these three Rhodanthidium species, the climatic requirements responsible for it have been studied, as well as their use of Gastropod shells and how it affects their distribution patterns in the Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the ecological role of R. sticticum has been described and analyzed, through the study of several Iberian pollination networks, and detailed aspects of its biology have been described, such as the use of Gastropod shells other than nesting, phenology, plant preferences, territorial behaviour of the males and mating behaviour...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, leída el 01/12/2020