Publication: Las redes sociales como fuentes de información periodística en la prensa digital española (El País, El mundo, La Vanguardia y ABC)
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2018
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Abstract
La investigación describe y analiza el uso de los contenidos de redes sociales como fuentes informativas por los cuatro diarios digitales de información general más leídos en España. Se analizó cuantitativamente una muestra no probabilística de noticias extraídas de las ediciones online de El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia y ABC formada por las piezas más leídas por la audiencia y que incluyesen fuentes de información de redes sociales. El análisis de contenido se practicó sobre contenidos clasificados en función de su volumen, su naturaleza (escritos, gráficos, audiovisuales e híbridos), su uso respecto a fuentes de información tradicionales, su función informativa y su temática. Los resultados revelan que los informadores llevan a cabo un uso restrictivo de las redes sociales como fuentes de información periodística y que el valor informativo de los recursos es complementario y no esencial en la mayoría de los casos analizados. Solo los recursos gráficos suponen fuentes de información fiables y resultan relevantes, tanto en las noticias que sólo incluyen fuentes de redes sociales, como en aquellas elaboradas también con fuentes tradicionales. Las redes sociales más utilizadas son, por este orden, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook y YouTube. Sus contenidos fueron citados correctamente en el 95 por ciento de las noticias y sólo se detectaron ausencias o deficiencias en la atribución de las fuentes en un porcentaje marginal de casos.
The research describes and analyzes the use of social media as news sources by the four digital newspapers most read in Spain. A no probabilistic sample of news extracted from the online editions of El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia and ABC was analyzed quantitatively. The sample was formed by the news most read by the audience that included social media contents. The content analysis was practiced on diverse classifications of contents, depending on their volumen, their nature (written, visual, audiovisual and hybrid), their use compared to traditional news sources, their informative function and their thematic. The results reveal that Spanish journalists carry out a restrictive use of social media as news sources and that the informative value of the contents is complementary and not essential in most of the cases. Only pictures are reliable sources of information and relevant, both in the news that only include sources from social media and in those elaborated also with traditional sources. The most used social media are, in this order, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. Its contents were correctly cited in 95% of the news and only were detected a lack of citation or confusing or incomplete attribution of the sources in a marginal percentage of the cases.
The research describes and analyzes the use of social media as news sources by the four digital newspapers most read in Spain. A no probabilistic sample of news extracted from the online editions of El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia and ABC was analyzed quantitatively. The sample was formed by the news most read by the audience that included social media contents. The content analysis was practiced on diverse classifications of contents, depending on their volumen, their nature (written, visual, audiovisual and hybrid), their use compared to traditional news sources, their informative function and their thematic. The results reveal that Spanish journalists carry out a restrictive use of social media as news sources and that the informative value of the contents is complementary and not essential in most of the cases. Only pictures are reliable sources of information and relevant, both in the news that only include sources from social media and in those elaborated also with traditional sources. The most used social media are, in this order, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. Its contents were correctly cited in 95% of the news and only were detected a lack of citation or confusing or incomplete attribution of the sources in a marginal percentage of the cases.