Publication: Seguimiento a muy largo plazo de la efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma en víctimas del terrorismo en España
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2021-05-21
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García Vera, María Paz
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En lo que llevamos de siglo, sin tener en cuenta los datos del pasado año 2019 que aún se están cuantificando, son más de 85.000 los atentados terroristas cometidos, los cuales han segado más de 220.000 vidas [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism y Responses to Terrorism START, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018].
Un acto de este tipo, cometido para generar terror, conlleva consecuencias psicológicas en las personas que lo sufren, en los equipos de rescate y posiblemente en la población general, objetivo final del acto terrorista. Se ha comprobado que la prevalencia del TEPT entre las víctimas del terrorismo se encuentra entre el 18 y el 40% (DiMaggio y Galea, 2006; García-Vera y Sanz, 2015), la de los trastornos depresivos entre un 20 y un 30% (Salguero et al., 2011) y la de los trastornos de ansiedad diferentes del TEPT, entre un 6,1% del trastorno de angustia, hasta un 19,8% en el caso de la agorafobia (García-Vera y Sanz, 2010).
Así pues, para poder ayudar a estas víctimas a recuperarse, hemos de tratar de aplicar los tratamientos con mayor aval empírico y que estén reconocidos en las guías de buena práctica clínica, entre los cuales destaca la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma. Sin embargo, apenas se ha comprobado la efectividad de esta terapia a muy largo plazo, un año o más después de haber finalizado el tratamiento...
So far this century, without taking into account the data from last year 2019 that are still being quantified, there are more than 85,000 terrorist attacks committed, which have taken more than 220,000 lives [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism START, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018]. An act of this type, committed to generate terror, entails psychological consequences in the people who suffer it, in the rescue teams and possibly in the general population, the final objective of the terrorist act. It has been proven that the prevalence of PTSD among victims of terrorism is between 18 and 40% (DiMaggio & Galea, 2006; García-Vera & Sanz, 2015), that the prevalence of depressive disorders is between 20 and 30% (Salguero et al., 2011), and that the prevalence of anxiety disorders other than PTSD is around 6.1%, but up to 19.8% in the case of agoraphobia (García-Vera & Sanz, 2010). Therefore, in order to help these victims to recover, we must try to apply the treatments with the greatest empirical support and that are recognized in the guidelines of good clinical practice, among which trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy stands out. However, the effectiveness of this therapy has hardly been proven in the very long term, a year or more after the end of treatment...
So far this century, without taking into account the data from last year 2019 that are still being quantified, there are more than 85,000 terrorist attacks committed, which have taken more than 220,000 lives [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism START, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018]. An act of this type, committed to generate terror, entails psychological consequences in the people who suffer it, in the rescue teams and possibly in the general population, the final objective of the terrorist act. It has been proven that the prevalence of PTSD among victims of terrorism is between 18 and 40% (DiMaggio & Galea, 2006; García-Vera & Sanz, 2015), that the prevalence of depressive disorders is between 20 and 30% (Salguero et al., 2011), and that the prevalence of anxiety disorders other than PTSD is around 6.1%, but up to 19.8% in the case of agoraphobia (García-Vera & Sanz, 2010). Therefore, in order to help these victims to recover, we must try to apply the treatments with the greatest empirical support and that are recognized in the guidelines of good clinical practice, among which trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy stands out. However, the effectiveness of this therapy has hardly been proven in the very long term, a year or more after the end of treatment...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 21/01/2021