Publication: Atención selectiva y respuestas psicofisiológicas durante la anticipación de resultados emocionales recurrentes
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2021-05-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las expectativas desempeñan un importante papel en diferentes trastornos psicopatológicos. Personas con desórdenes emocionales como ansiedad o depresión se caracterizan por una preocupación excesiva por eventos futuros (Weinstein, 1980). Aunque la preocupación es con frecuencia disfuncional, algunas teorías han sugerido que, en desórdenes como ansiedad generalizada, podría tener la función de mantener un estado emocional negativo para evitar los fuertes contrastes con las emociones experimentadas si se produce el evento (Newman y Llera, 2011). A pesar de la relevancia clínica de los procesos anticipatorios, las investigaciones previas no han analizado las estrategias de regulación emocional que los participantes utilizan para regular sus emociones una vez que el proceso anticipatorio ha comenzado. La cuestión es si una vez que se inicia el proceso de anticipación negativa y los cambios emocionales que los acompañan, las personas tratarán de recuperar el estado de ánimo positivo disminuido por la anticipación o si intentarán mantener o aumentar el estado de ánimo negativo para evitar el contraste entre las emociones experimentadas durante la anticipación y las emociones producidas por el evento. El modelo procesual de regulación emocional de Gross (1998), propone que las personas pueden utilizar diferentes estrategias de regulación, incluyendo el despliegue atencional. Hasta donde sabemos, no parece haber ningún estudio que haya utilizado patrones atencionales hacia estímulos emocionales como estrategia de regulación emocional durante la anticipación de sucesos emocionales recurrentes. En relación a los mecanismos atencionales asociados a la regulación emocional, el campo emergente de los entrenamientos formales en meditación, puede ofrecer una buena oportunidad para analizar los efectos de estas intervenciones en el proceso general de regulación emocional. Las investigaciones han revelado que las prácticas meditativas de mindfulness tienen muchos beneficios, incluyendo mejoras en la respuesta emocional y en el control atencional. Sin embargo, desconocemos estudios que hayan analizado la estrategia de despliegue atencional durante la anticipación de situaciones emocionales en meditadores...
Expectations play a key role in different psychopathological disorders. People with emotional problems as anxiety or depression are characterized by an excessive worry in anticipating future events (Weinstein, 1980). Although worrying is often dysfunctional, some theories have suggested that, in problems like generalized anxiety, it would have the role of keeping a negative emotional state to avoid strong contrasts with the emotions experienced if the event takes place (Newman & Llera, 2011). Despite the clinical relevance of anticipation processes, previous research has not analyzed the emotional regulation strategies that participants put in place to regulate their emotions once a negative anticipatory process has begun. The issue is whether once the negative anticipatory process is initiated and the accompanying mood changes, individuals will try to recover the positive mood diminished by the anticipation or whether will try to increase or maintain the negative mood to avoid the contrast between the emotions experienced during anticipation and the emotions produced by the event. Processual Gross's model (1998) of emotional regulation proposes that people can implement different regulatory strategies, including attentional deployment. As far as we know, there seems to be no study that has used gaze patterns to emotional stimuli as an index of the attentional mechanisms of emotion regulation processing during the anticipation of recurrent negative outcomes. In relation to attentional mechanisms associated to mood regulation, the emerging field of formal meditation trainings may offer a good opportunity to analyze the effects of these interventions in the overall process of emotional regulation. Research has found that mindfulness meditation practice has many benefits, including improved emotional responses and attention control. However, we do not know of any studies that analyzes the strategy of attentional deployment during the anticipation of emotional situations in meditators...
Expectations play a key role in different psychopathological disorders. People with emotional problems as anxiety or depression are characterized by an excessive worry in anticipating future events (Weinstein, 1980). Although worrying is often dysfunctional, some theories have suggested that, in problems like generalized anxiety, it would have the role of keeping a negative emotional state to avoid strong contrasts with the emotions experienced if the event takes place (Newman & Llera, 2011). Despite the clinical relevance of anticipation processes, previous research has not analyzed the emotional regulation strategies that participants put in place to regulate their emotions once a negative anticipatory process has begun. The issue is whether once the negative anticipatory process is initiated and the accompanying mood changes, individuals will try to recover the positive mood diminished by the anticipation or whether will try to increase or maintain the negative mood to avoid the contrast between the emotions experienced during anticipation and the emotions produced by the event. Processual Gross's model (1998) of emotional regulation proposes that people can implement different regulatory strategies, including attentional deployment. As far as we know, there seems to be no study that has used gaze patterns to emotional stimuli as an index of the attentional mechanisms of emotion regulation processing during the anticipation of recurrent negative outcomes. In relation to attentional mechanisms associated to mood regulation, the emerging field of formal meditation trainings may offer a good opportunity to analyze the effects of these interventions in the overall process of emotional regulation. Research has found that mindfulness meditation practice has many benefits, including improved emotional responses and attention control. However, we do not know of any studies that analyzes the strategy of attentional deployment during the anticipation of emotional situations in meditators...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, leída el 26/01/2021