Publication: Memoria y narrativa del trauma en víctimas de actos violentos
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2021-05-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Resulta indiscutible el papel central que desempeña la memoria en los efectos de la exposición traumática y sus correlatos psicopatológicos. Sin embargo, en el estudio de la relación entre memoria y trauma existe un enfrentamiento entre dos visiones contrapuestas en virtud del recurso a mecanismos especiales vs. básicos de memoria que se activarían como consecuencia del carácter altamente emocional del evento, promoviendo que el recuerdo explícito del mismo esté alterado vs. sublimado (Rubin, Boals, et al., 2008).
Estas controversias, unidas a las limitaciones asociadas a las técnicas de evaluación dominantes en el estudio de la memoria y el trauma (basadas fundamentalmente en el autoinforme), han motivado el auge en los últimos años del análisis de narrativas como un metodología más ecológica e informativa (Desrochers et al., 2016; Habermas, 2015), que podría contribuir a la resolución de las dudas que aún rodean esta área de estudio.
Sin embargo, como toda novedad, la investigación narrativa aún presenta ciertas lagunas entre las que destaca la falta de consideración del posible efecto de la naturaleza y las características de los eventos traumáticos (Crespo & Fernández-Lansac, 2015; O ‘Kearney & Perrott, 2006), así como de otros factores relevantes que podrían afectar en gran medida a las evidencias.
Asimismo, a pesar de su presumible relevancia, pocos estudios se han parado a explorar el posible efecto del trauma sobre las características de los recuerdos positivos, así como la relación entre estas y el estado clínico de las víctimas de eventos traumáticos...
The central role of memory in the effects of traumatic exposure and its psychopathological correlates is indisputable. However, in the study of the relationship between memory and trauma, there is a confrontation between two opposing views by virtue of the use of special vs. basic memory mechanisms that could be activated as a consequence of the highly emotional character of a traumatic event, promoting either altered or sublimated explicit memory of the event (Rubin, Boals et al., 2008). These controversies, together with the limitations associated with the dominant assessment techniques in the study of memory and trauma (mainly based on self-reports), have motivated the increase in recent years of the analysis of narratives as a more ecological and informative methodology (Desrochers et al., 2016; Habermas, 2015) that could contribute to the resolution of doubts that still surround this area of study. However, as with any novelty, narrative research still has certain gaps, among which the lack of consideration of the possible effect of nature and the characteristics of traumatic events stand out (Crespo & Fernández-Lansac, 2015; O 'Kearney & Perrott, 2006), as well as other relevant factors that could greatly affect the evidence. Likewise, despite its presumed relevance, few studies have explored the possible effect of trauma on the characteristics of positive memories as well as the relationship between these and the clinical status of victims of traumatic events...
The central role of memory in the effects of traumatic exposure and its psychopathological correlates is indisputable. However, in the study of the relationship between memory and trauma, there is a confrontation between two opposing views by virtue of the use of special vs. basic memory mechanisms that could be activated as a consequence of the highly emotional character of a traumatic event, promoting either altered or sublimated explicit memory of the event (Rubin, Boals et al., 2008). These controversies, together with the limitations associated with the dominant assessment techniques in the study of memory and trauma (mainly based on self-reports), have motivated the increase in recent years of the analysis of narratives as a more ecological and informative methodology (Desrochers et al., 2016; Habermas, 2015) that could contribute to the resolution of doubts that still surround this area of study. However, as with any novelty, narrative research still has certain gaps, among which the lack of consideration of the possible effect of nature and the characteristics of traumatic events stand out (Crespo & Fernández-Lansac, 2015; O 'Kearney & Perrott, 2006), as well as other relevant factors that could greatly affect the evidence. Likewise, despite its presumed relevance, few studies have explored the possible effect of trauma on the characteristics of positive memories as well as the relationship between these and the clinical status of victims of traumatic events...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, leída el 09/09/2020