Publication: Transmisión vertical del VIH y el papel de enfermería en su prevención. Revisión bibliográfica.
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2021-05-30
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Abstract
La infección por VIH sigue afectando a gran parte de la población a nivel mundial. El diagnóstico precoz ya no supone una sentencia de muerte para estas personas, actualmente existe tratamiento eficaz, pero no cura. La única forma de frenar la infección es a través de la prevención y la educación sanitaria. Es importante conocer la posible transmisión del VIH de una mujer embarazada portadora a su hijo. Estos niños se pueden infectar durante el embarazado, parto o lactancia si la madre no cumple con las recomendaciones. En este trabajo de fin de grado se ha hecho una revisión bibliográfica sobre el acceso a las pruebas de detección de VIH a las embarazadas. También se analizó el asesoramiento y las posibilidades de tratamiento antirretrovírico, las prácticas obstétricas adecuadas y la óptima alimentación al lactante. Todo ha contribuido a la prevención de la transmisión materno-infantil del VIH. Actualmente en España se encuentra en un 0,1% de los casos de transmisión de VIH. Y, por último, se ha desarrollado el papel fundamental de enfermería con los cuidados dirigidos a la adaptación y adherencia de la nueva situación sin someterles al estigma social y discriminación. El personal de enfermería deberá considerar el bienestar psicosocial de estas pacientes.
Para ello se ha realizado una búsqueda en bases de datos como son Dialnet, Elsevier’s Scopus, SciELO y PubMed, escogiendo artículos desde 2011, en inglés y castellano y acceso gratuito al texto.
HIV infection continues to affect much of the world's population. Early screening isn’t longer a death sentence for these people, there is currently effective treatment, but it does not cure. The only way to stop the infection is through prevention and health education. It is important to know the possible transmission of HIV from a pregnant woman carrying her child. These children can become infected during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding if the mother doesn’t comply with the recommendations. A literature review on access to HIV testing for pregnant women has been done in this end-of-degree work. Counselling and antiretroviral treatment possibilities, appropiate obstetric practices, and optimal infant feeding were also discussed. Everything has contributed to the prevention of mother-child transmission of HIV. Currently in Spain it’s found in 0.1% of cases of HIV transmission. And, finally, the fundamental role of nursing has been developed with care aimed at adapting and adhering to the new situation without subjecting them to social stigma and discrimination. Nurses should consider the psychosocial well-being of these patients. For this, a search has been carried out in databases such as Dialnet, Elsevier’s Scopus, SciELO and PubMed, choosing articles since 2011, in English and Spanish and free access to the text.
HIV infection continues to affect much of the world's population. Early screening isn’t longer a death sentence for these people, there is currently effective treatment, but it does not cure. The only way to stop the infection is through prevention and health education. It is important to know the possible transmission of HIV from a pregnant woman carrying her child. These children can become infected during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding if the mother doesn’t comply with the recommendations. A literature review on access to HIV testing for pregnant women has been done in this end-of-degree work. Counselling and antiretroviral treatment possibilities, appropiate obstetric practices, and optimal infant feeding were also discussed. Everything has contributed to the prevention of mother-child transmission of HIV. Currently in Spain it’s found in 0.1% of cases of HIV transmission. And, finally, the fundamental role of nursing has been developed with care aimed at adapting and adhering to the new situation without subjecting them to social stigma and discrimination. Nurses should consider the psychosocial well-being of these patients. For this, a search has been carried out in databases such as Dialnet, Elsevier’s Scopus, SciELO and PubMed, choosing articles since 2011, in English and Spanish and free access to the text.