Publication: Diseño de la zona de reacción para la producción de hidrolizados de origen agroalimentario (Diseño de la unidad de hidrólisis de galactoglucomanano procedente de aguas de procesamiento termomecánico de maderas blandas para la obtención de azúcares C6)
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2020-07
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Universidad Complutense
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Abstract
El siguiente documento corresponde al trabajo fin de grado presentado como requisito obligatorio en la obtención del título de graduado en ingeniería química. Este documento ha sido elaborado con el apoyo de dos instituciones de educación superior; la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Universidad de Åbo Akademi, bajo la supervisión de dos cotutores.
La redacción de este informe se ha realizado durante una estancia Erasmus en Turku, Finlandia. Así pues, atendiendo a razones de conveniencia y con la aprobación de ambas instituciones, el tema de este trabajo se ha realizado de forma que se aproveche la investigación realizada en la universidad de destino. A pesar de que las siguientes páginas se encontrarán en español (lengua oficial de enseñanza en la institución de origen), existe también una segunda versión en inglés de este trabajo.
El objetivo del siguiente informe es estudiar un proceso de valorización de los residuos hemicelulósicos generads en corrientes secundarias de los procesos de obtención termomecánica de pulpa papelera. Atendiendo a los principios de la biorrefinería, se hace hincapié en las industrias y materiales clave que se encuentran en la región de la institución receptora: la silvicultura y la celulosa.
Para ello, tras el título del informe, se encuentra un texto explicativo que define la visión clave sobre los contenidos desarrollados en este documento. De todas las posibles estrategias y tecnologías de valorización, se ha seleccionado la hidrólisis de la hemicelulosa. El alto potencial de implementación en entornos industriales ya existentes, y el limitado uso actual de las hemicelulosas en los procesos tradicionales de fabricación de pasta son los factores clave para esta selección.
Los principales contenidos de este trabajo de fin de grado se estructuran de forma similar a los estudios y documentos utilizados para la planificación y desarrollo de proyectos de ingeniería química. En primer lugar, se exponen las claves teóricas y los objetivos del proyecto (capítulo 1), así como un estudio previo de los materiales y tecnologías que lo hacen viable (capítulo 2). A continuación se presenta la memoria técnica, mostrando los aspectos termodinámicos y cinéticos que intervienen en el proceso (capítulo 3) y conformando los esquemas básicos de las operaciones del proceso (capítulo 4). Una vez definido el proceso, se exponen los cálculos básicos de ingeniería y se aportan las especificaciones de los equipos y del proceso (capítulo 5). Posteriormente, también se realizan y detallan los estudios de seguridad y medioambientales del proyecto (capítulos 6 y 7). Finalmente se estudia la viabilidad económica del proceso (capítulo 8), determinando la posible implantación real de las operaciones y el proceso global propuestos.
The following document corresponds with the final work presented as mandatory requirement in the obtention of the chemical engineering bachelor’s graduate. This document has been elaborated with the support of two high education institutions; Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Åbo Akademi University, under the supervision of two co-tutors from the former mentioned universities. The redaction of this report has been performed during an Erasmus stay in Turku, Finland. Then, attending to convenience reasons and with the approval from both institutions, the topic of this work has been conducted in a way that makes suitable to exploit the research performed in the host university. This document corresponds with the english translation of the Spanish copy, presented in Spain as a requirement for bacherlors graduate. The aim of the following report is to study the valorization of agroindustrial residues and side streams. Attending to biorefinery principles, the focus is made on the key industries and materials found on the receiving institution region: forestry and pulping. Because of that after the title of the report, an explanatory text is found, defining the key insight about the contents developed in this document. From all potential valorization strategies and technologies, hemicellulose hydrolysis has been selected. The high potential of implementation in already existing industrial settings, and the current limited usage of hemicelluloses on traditional pulping processes are the key factors for this selection. Main contents of this final bachelor’s thesis are structured in a way similar to the studies and documents used for chemical engineering projects planification and development. First, key theoretical insights and objectives of the project are exposed (chapter 1) as well as a previous study of the materials and technologies that make it feasible (chapter 2). Then the technical memory is presented, showing the thermodynamic and kinetic properties involved in the process (chapter 3) and shaping the basic schemes for process operations (chapter 4). Once the process is defined, basic engineering calculations are exposed, while equipment’s and process’ specifications are provided (chapter 5). Later, safety and environmental studies of the project are also performed and detailed (chapters 6 and 7). Eventually economic viability of the process is studied (chapter 8), determining the potential real implementation of the proposed operations and overall process.
The following document corresponds with the final work presented as mandatory requirement in the obtention of the chemical engineering bachelor’s graduate. This document has been elaborated with the support of two high education institutions; Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Åbo Akademi University, under the supervision of two co-tutors from the former mentioned universities. The redaction of this report has been performed during an Erasmus stay in Turku, Finland. Then, attending to convenience reasons and with the approval from both institutions, the topic of this work has been conducted in a way that makes suitable to exploit the research performed in the host university. This document corresponds with the english translation of the Spanish copy, presented in Spain as a requirement for bacherlors graduate. The aim of the following report is to study the valorization of agroindustrial residues and side streams. Attending to biorefinery principles, the focus is made on the key industries and materials found on the receiving institution region: forestry and pulping. Because of that after the title of the report, an explanatory text is found, defining the key insight about the contents developed in this document. From all potential valorization strategies and technologies, hemicellulose hydrolysis has been selected. The high potential of implementation in already existing industrial settings, and the current limited usage of hemicelluloses on traditional pulping processes are the key factors for this selection. Main contents of this final bachelor’s thesis are structured in a way similar to the studies and documents used for chemical engineering projects planification and development. First, key theoretical insights and objectives of the project are exposed (chapter 1) as well as a previous study of the materials and technologies that make it feasible (chapter 2). Then the technical memory is presented, showing the thermodynamic and kinetic properties involved in the process (chapter 3) and shaping the basic schemes for process operations (chapter 4). Once the process is defined, basic engineering calculations are exposed, while equipment’s and process’ specifications are provided (chapter 5). Later, safety and environmental studies of the project are also performed and detailed (chapters 6 and 7). Eventually economic viability of the process is studied (chapter 8), determining the potential real implementation of the proposed operations and overall process.