Publication: La enfermera comunitaria en la prevención, diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento del paciente con adicción al juego.
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2021-05
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Abstract
El juego patológico es un patrón de juego compulsivo, no controlable y recurrente que afecta a nivel psicosocial y genera un impacto negativo en las relaciones de quien lo padece. Se estima que afecta a 400.000 españoles, afectando mayormente a varones de 43 años de media, casados, con nivel socioeconómico medio-bajo y con trabajo en activo o prestaciones sociales.
Los jugadores sufren preocupación, conductas de escape, intento de recuperación compulsiva del dinero, pérdida de relaciones, falta de tolerancia y síndrome de abstinencia. Situaciones de estrés como la pandemia por COVID-19 pueden aumentar los casos de jugadores patológicos, por ello es un problema relevante donde la enfermera comunitaria puede intervenir realizando una promoción del ocio saludable, prevención desde edades tempranas, detección precoz de los casos y tratamiento, siendo el objetivo del trabajo describir la acción de la enfermera comunitaria en estos ámbitos. Para ello, se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en distintas bases de datos y se ha estructurado la pregunta de investigación con formato PICO. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la prevención primaria, donde la enfermería puede tomar acciones a nivel político y legal e incidir en la regulación de la publicidad, y donde tiene un papel fundamental la educación para la salud , además, desde la consulta, se puede realizar un diagnóstico precoz para prevenir daños en otras áreas del paciente. Por último, la enfermería desempeña un papel importante en la atención multidisciplinar del paciente ludópata, por lo que debe estar formada en los posibles tratamientos.
Abstract: Pathological gambling is a pattern of compulsive, uncontrollable and recurrent gambling that affects the psychosocial level and has a negative impact on the relationships of those who suffer from it. It is estimated that it affects 400,000 Spaniards, affecting mostly men of 43 years of age on average, married, with a medium-low socioeconomic level and with an active job or social benefits. Gamblers suffer from worry, escape behaviors, compulsive attempts to recover money, loss of relationships, lack of tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. Stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic can increase the number of cases of pathological gamblers, which is why it is a relevant problem where the community nurse can intervene by promoting healthy leisure, prevention from an early age, early detection of cases and treatment, the aim of this study being to describe the action of the community nurse in these areas. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases and the research question was structured in PICO format. The results confirm the importance of primary prevention, where nursing can take action at the political and legal level and influence the regulation of advertising, and where health education plays a fundamental role, in addition, early diagnosis can be carried out from the consultation to prevent damage in other areas of the patient. Finally, nursing plays an important role in the multidisciplinary care of the problem gambling patient, and should therefore be trained in the possible treatments.
Abstract: Pathological gambling is a pattern of compulsive, uncontrollable and recurrent gambling that affects the psychosocial level and has a negative impact on the relationships of those who suffer from it. It is estimated that it affects 400,000 Spaniards, affecting mostly men of 43 years of age on average, married, with a medium-low socioeconomic level and with an active job or social benefits. Gamblers suffer from worry, escape behaviors, compulsive attempts to recover money, loss of relationships, lack of tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. Stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic can increase the number of cases of pathological gamblers, which is why it is a relevant problem where the community nurse can intervene by promoting healthy leisure, prevention from an early age, early detection of cases and treatment, the aim of this study being to describe the action of the community nurse in these areas. For this purpose, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases and the research question was structured in PICO format. The results confirm the importance of primary prevention, where nursing can take action at the political and legal level and influence the regulation of advertising, and where health education plays a fundamental role, in addition, early diagnosis can be carried out from the consultation to prevent damage in other areas of the patient. Finally, nursing plays an important role in the multidisciplinary care of the problem gambling patient, and should therefore be trained in the possible treatments.