Publication: Efectos de la soledad en la salud de la población anciana
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2021-06-13
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Abstract
Introducción: La soledad es un problema de salud emergente que se ha visto incrementado por los cambios culturales y socioeconómicos y que afecta mayoritariamente a la población anciana, produciendo distintas patologías derivadas generalmente de problemas de salud mental.
Objetivos: Analizar los problemas de salud derivados de la soledad y el aislamiento en la población anciana. Identificar factores sociales y el afrontamiento de este sentimiento a nivel global. Investigar las terapias y recursos posibles en atención primaria dirigidos a esta población.
Analizar los efectos de la pandemia Covid 19 en este sentimiento.
Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica. Bases de datos utilizadas: Pubmed, Catálogo Cisne de la Biblioteca de enfermería de la Universidad Complutense, Elssevier, Sciencie Direct y la Biblioteca online de la revista British Medical Journal. Los artículos fueron seleccionados a partir de la búsqueda de palabras clave entre las que se encuentran mayoritariamente: Vejez, soledad,
aislamiento, depresión, ansiedad y salud mental.
Conclusión: Se ha observado que las enfermedades mayoritarias son la depresión, la ansiedad, el incremento de enfermedades coronarias, los accidentes cerebrovasculares y el deterioro cognitivo, así como el empeoramiento de aquellos que tenían enfermedades mentales de base. Dentro de la población anciana, los factores sociales determinantes son la ruralidad, la inmigración, la baja escolarización y la falta de recursos económicos. Se ha comprobado la capacidad de algunas herramientas, tales como los proyectos y talleres comunitarios y las redes integrativas para revertir los efectos negativos de la soledad. La pandemia del COVID 19 también ha aumentado las tasas de soledad y aislamiento.
Introduction: Loneliness is an emerging health problem, which has been increased by cultural and socioeconomic changes and which mainly affects the elderly population, producing different pathologies generally derived from mental health problems. Objectives: To analyze the health problems derived from loneliness and isolation in the elderly population. Identify social factors and coping with this feeling at a global level. Investigate possible therapies and resources in primary health care aimed at this population. Analyze the effects of the Covid 19 pandemic on this feeling. Methodology: Bibliographic review. Databases used: Pubmed, Swan Catalog of the Complutense University Nursing Library, Elssevier, Science Direct and the online library of the British Medical Journal. The articles were selected from the search for keywords among which are mostly: Elderly, loneliness, isolation, depression, anxiety, mental health. Conclusion: It has been observed that the majority diseases are depression, anxiety, the increase in coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and cognitive impairment, as well as the worsening of those with underlying mental illnesses. Within the elderly population, the determining social factors are rurality, immigration, low schooling and lack of economic resources. The ability of some tools, such as community projects and activities and integrative networks, to reverse the negative effects of loneliness has been seen. The COVID 19 pandemic has also increased rates of loneliness and isolation.
Introduction: Loneliness is an emerging health problem, which has been increased by cultural and socioeconomic changes and which mainly affects the elderly population, producing different pathologies generally derived from mental health problems. Objectives: To analyze the health problems derived from loneliness and isolation in the elderly population. Identify social factors and coping with this feeling at a global level. Investigate possible therapies and resources in primary health care aimed at this population. Analyze the effects of the Covid 19 pandemic on this feeling. Methodology: Bibliographic review. Databases used: Pubmed, Swan Catalog of the Complutense University Nursing Library, Elssevier, Science Direct and the online library of the British Medical Journal. The articles were selected from the search for keywords among which are mostly: Elderly, loneliness, isolation, depression, anxiety, mental health. Conclusion: It has been observed that the majority diseases are depression, anxiety, the increase in coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and cognitive impairment, as well as the worsening of those with underlying mental illnesses. Within the elderly population, the determining social factors are rurality, immigration, low schooling and lack of economic resources. The ability of some tools, such as community projects and activities and integrative networks, to reverse the negative effects of loneliness has been seen. The COVID 19 pandemic has also increased rates of loneliness and isolation.