Publication: Percepciones populares de los conflictos socio-territoriales en Colombia: Putumayo y Montes de María. La paz que nunca ha sido
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2021-07-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente tesis doctoral, Percepciones populares de los conflictos socio-territoriales en Colombia: Putumayo y Montes de María. La paz que nunca ha sido, tiene como propósito fundamental analizar las percepciones que las organizaciones populares, localizadas en el departamento del Putumayo y en la subregión del caribe colombiano Montes de María, construyen acerca de los conflictos socio-territoriales. La investigación se desarrolla en el periodo comprendido entre 2002-2014.Para ello, se recurre a diferentes perspectivas teóricas provenientes principalmente de la ciencia política, la sociología, la antropología y la geografía política. Por lo tanto, es una apuesta interdisciplinar. Este enfoque adquiere mayor importancia teniendo en cuenta que es una reflexión sobre la conflictividad social desde una perspectiva espacial. La investigación se elabora teniendo como base fundamental el trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en las zonas de estudio, que consistió principalmente en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a líderes y lideresas de las organizaciones populares. La hipótesis central de la investigación, consiste en que las organizaciones populares interpretan de manera distinta las dinámicas de la conflictividad social dependiendo del lugar en que se encuentren. Estas percepciones se encuentran estrechamente relacionadas con la forma en que se apropian material y simbólicamente del territorio y que configuran el horizonte de sentido de sus luchas. No obstante, hemos podido comprobar que existen elementos comunes que vertebran los conflictos en esos territorios. Entre esos elementos se destacan: el control social y militar de los mismos, los proyectos extractivistas y el conflicto armado. Estos factores evidencian la diferencia existente entre el espacio concebido y el espacio vivido. Los resultados de la investigación nos llevan a afirmar que, tanto en el Putumayo como en Montes de María, la conflictividad se deriva de una relación de dominación en la que las élites políticas y económicas justifican sus privilegios en la subordinación y/o en la presión sobre los sectores sociales populares. Así, consiguen mantener intacto el statu quo que les permita seguir disfrutando de sus prerrogativas. En las lecturas que realizan las organizaciones consultadas, esas relaciones de dominación se sustentan en un mayor acceso a diferentes tipos de recursos sociales, políticos, económicos e incluso culturales. Esta situación privilegiada permite que los intereses y motivaciones de las clases dominantes sean prioritarias en las decisiones y políticas gubernamentales.
The main purpose of this doctoral thesis, Popular perceptions of socio-territorial conflicts in Colombia: Putumayo y Montes de María. The peace that never was, is to analyze the perceptions that popular organizations, located in the department of Putumayo and in Montes de María —a sub-region of the Colombian Caribbean—, build about socio-territorial conflicts. The research is developed in the period between 2002-2014.To do this, different theoretical perspectives are used, mainly from political science, sociology, anthropology and political geography. Therefore, it is an interdisciplinary bet. This approach acquires greater importance considering that it is a reflection on social conflict from a spatial perspective. The research is carried out on the basis of the field work carried out in the study areas, which consisted mainly of conducting in-depth interviews with leaders of popular organizations. The central hypothesis of the research is that popular organizations interpret the dynamics of social conflict in a different way according to the place where they are. These perceptions are closely related to the way they materially and symbolically appropriate the territory and that configure the horizon of meaning of their struggles. However, we have been able to verify that there are common elements that structure the conflicts in those territories. Among these elements, the following stand out: the social and military control of the conflicts, the extractive projects and the war. These factors show the difference between the conceived space and the lived space. The results of the research lead us to affirm that, both in Putumayo and Montes de María, conflict is derived from a relationship of domination in which the political and economic elites justify their privileges in subordination and / or pressure on the popular social sectors. Thus, they manage to keep intact the status quo that allows them to continue enjoying their prerogatives. In the readings carried out by the organizations consulted, these relations of domination are based on greater access to different types of social, political, economic and even cultural resources. This privileged situation allows the interests and motivations of the ruling classes to take priority in government decisions and policies.
The main purpose of this doctoral thesis, Popular perceptions of socio-territorial conflicts in Colombia: Putumayo y Montes de María. The peace that never was, is to analyze the perceptions that popular organizations, located in the department of Putumayo and in Montes de María —a sub-region of the Colombian Caribbean—, build about socio-territorial conflicts. The research is developed in the period between 2002-2014.To do this, different theoretical perspectives are used, mainly from political science, sociology, anthropology and political geography. Therefore, it is an interdisciplinary bet. This approach acquires greater importance considering that it is a reflection on social conflict from a spatial perspective. The research is carried out on the basis of the field work carried out in the study areas, which consisted mainly of conducting in-depth interviews with leaders of popular organizations. The central hypothesis of the research is that popular organizations interpret the dynamics of social conflict in a different way according to the place where they are. These perceptions are closely related to the way they materially and symbolically appropriate the territory and that configure the horizon of meaning of their struggles. However, we have been able to verify that there are common elements that structure the conflicts in those territories. Among these elements, the following stand out: the social and military control of the conflicts, the extractive projects and the war. These factors show the difference between the conceived space and the lived space. The results of the research lead us to affirm that, both in Putumayo and Montes de María, conflict is derived from a relationship of domination in which the political and economic elites justify their privileges in subordination and / or pressure on the popular social sectors. Thus, they manage to keep intact the status quo that allows them to continue enjoying their prerogatives. In the readings carried out by the organizations consulted, these relations of domination are based on greater access to different types of social, political, economic and even cultural resources. This privileged situation allows the interests and motivations of the ruling classes to take priority in government decisions and policies.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Historia, Teorías y Geografía Políticas, leída el 27/01/2021