Publication: Valoración de la percepción de contraste en conducción mesópica: métodos psicofísicos de simulación
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2021-07-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En condiciones de iluminación mesópica la información visual se reduce, y la detección de contornos y la percepción del color están disminuidas. Esta reducción en la percepción visual durante la conducción nocturna, da lugar a un mayor riesgo de accidentes. Por ello, para la obtención y renovación del permiso de conducir, es fundamental incluir valoraciones de la agudeza visual y la sensibilidad al contraste en condiciones de baja iluminación, similares a los que existen durante la conducción nocturna.
El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es encontrar un predictor de la función visual mesópica mediante valoraciones en condiciones fotópicas utilizando elementos de simulación. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha estudiado la correlación entre la agudeza visual mesópica y la agudeza visual fotópica, evaluadas con el test ETDRS de diferentes contrastes y con la interposición de filtros de distintas densidades ópticas. Por otro lado, se ha analizado la correlación entre la sensibilidad al contraste mesópica y la sensibilidad al contraste fotópica, medida con el test CSV-1000, con interposición de los filtros.
El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en 56 personas, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 71 años, todas ellas en posesión del permiso español de conducción.
Los resultados indican que, en condiciones de iluminación fotópica, el uso de optotipos de contraste 20% con filtro del 80% permite valorar, por simulación, la agudeza visual mesópica. Por otra parte, el empleo de filtros del 90% y 70% para la evaluación de la sensibilidad al contraste en condiciones fotópicas permite inferir el estado de la función visual de conductores en condiciones de baja iluminación.
En conclusión, se han determinado unos predictores económicos y prácticos para valorar la función visual mesópica mediante métodos psicofísicos de simulación en condiciones fotópicas.
Under mesopic lighting conditions, visual information is reduced; contour discrimination and color perception are decreased. This reduction in visual perception during night driving increases the risk of accidents. Therefore, for the obtention and renovation of a driving license, it is essential to include visual acuity and contrast sensitivity assessments in low-light conditions, similar to those that exist during night driving. The objective of this Thesis is to find a predictor of mesopic visual function through analysis under photopic conditions using simulation elements. For this aim, first, the correlation between mesopic visual acuity and photopic visual acuity was studied, evaluated with the ETDRS test of different contrasts and with the interposition of filters of different optical densities. On the other hand, the correlation between mesopic contrast sensitivity and photopic contrast sensitivity, measured with the CSV-1000 test with filter interposition, was analyzed. The study was carried out in 56 people, aged between 20 and 71 years, all of them in possession of the Spanish driving license. The results indicate that, the use of 20% contrast optotypes with an 80% filter for the assessment of the visual acuity, and the use of filters of 90% and 70% for contrast sensitivity, in photopic conditions, allows us to know the status of the visual function of drivers overnight. In conclusion, economic and practical predictors have been determined to assess mesopic visual function using psychophysical simulation methods under photopic conditions.
Under mesopic lighting conditions, visual information is reduced; contour discrimination and color perception are decreased. This reduction in visual perception during night driving increases the risk of accidents. Therefore, for the obtention and renovation of a driving license, it is essential to include visual acuity and contrast sensitivity assessments in low-light conditions, similar to those that exist during night driving. The objective of this Thesis is to find a predictor of mesopic visual function through analysis under photopic conditions using simulation elements. For this aim, first, the correlation between mesopic visual acuity and photopic visual acuity was studied, evaluated with the ETDRS test of different contrasts and with the interposition of filters of different optical densities. On the other hand, the correlation between mesopic contrast sensitivity and photopic contrast sensitivity, measured with the CSV-1000 test with filter interposition, was analyzed. The study was carried out in 56 people, aged between 20 and 71 years, all of them in possession of the Spanish driving license. The results indicate that, the use of 20% contrast optotypes with an 80% filter for the assessment of the visual acuity, and the use of filters of 90% and 70% for contrast sensitivity, in photopic conditions, allows us to know the status of the visual function of drivers overnight. In conclusion, economic and practical predictors have been determined to assess mesopic visual function using psychophysical simulation methods under photopic conditions.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, leída el 09/04/2021