Publication: Modulación del estatus oxidativo y proinflamatorio en el envejecimiento pulmonar mediante la administración de sustancias antioxidantes
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2021-07-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El envejecimiento consiste en un cúmulo de cambios deletéreos que ocurren en las células y tejidos con el paso del tiempo y que conducen a una alteración de la homeostasis, predisponiendo a un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de enfermedades y de muerte. Hoy día consideramos el estrés oxidativo, generado fundamentalmente en el metabolismo basal mitocondrial y en la inflamación, uno de los principales mecanismos causales de daño y de disfunción celular en el envejecimiento. Así, la exposición a antígenos tanto clínica como subclínica a lo largo de la vida desencadena una respuesta inflamatoria y oxidativa para el huésped capaz de amplificarse y sostenerse en el tiempo. Por otro lado, la apoptosis constituye una línea de defensa frente al cúmulo de células disfuncionales y por tanto frente a la aparición de tumores, pero también se relaciona con la atrofia tisular propia de la senectud, requiriéndose un equilibrio entre señales pro y antiapoptóticas que promueva la funcionalidad tisular. Además, a lo largo del envejecimiento se producen cambios en el sistema nervioso y en los ejes neurohormonales. Este es el caso de la glándula pineal, de manera que en individuos de edad avanzada se produce un descenso en los niveles circulantes de la hormona melatonina, así como del eje gonadal, que se ve particularmente alterado en las mujeres con el climaterio...
Aging consists of a series of deleterious changes in cells and tissues along time, which lead to altered homeostasis and increase the risk of illness as well as death. Nowadays we consider oxidative stress, mainly secondary to basal mitochondrial metabolism and to inflammation, as one of the most relevant mechanisms of cell damage and dysfunction during aging. Thus, both clinic and subclinic antigen exposure along life trigger a chronic inflammatory and oxidative response in the host, which amplifies and persists over time. Furthermore, apoptosis is a defensive mechanism against the proliferation of dysfunctional cells and thus against tumor acquisition, but it is also involved in cell loss leading to tissue atrophy seen with age. Therefore, a balance between pro and antiapoptotic signaling promoting tissue function is required. Moreover, aging leads to changes in the nervous system and in neurohormonal axes. This is the case of the pineal gland, with decreased circulating levels of the hormone melatonin in older individuals; as well as the gonadal axis, which is particularly altered during menopause...
Aging consists of a series of deleterious changes in cells and tissues along time, which lead to altered homeostasis and increase the risk of illness as well as death. Nowadays we consider oxidative stress, mainly secondary to basal mitochondrial metabolism and to inflammation, as one of the most relevant mechanisms of cell damage and dysfunction during aging. Thus, both clinic and subclinic antigen exposure along life trigger a chronic inflammatory and oxidative response in the host, which amplifies and persists over time. Furthermore, apoptosis is a defensive mechanism against the proliferation of dysfunctional cells and thus against tumor acquisition, but it is also involved in cell loss leading to tissue atrophy seen with age. Therefore, a balance between pro and antiapoptotic signaling promoting tissue function is required. Moreover, aging leads to changes in the nervous system and in neurohormonal axes. This is the case of the pineal gland, with decreased circulating levels of the hormone melatonin in older individuals; as well as the gonadal axis, which is particularly altered during menopause...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 22/01/2021