Publication: Nueva vacuna antineoplásica basada en el carbohidrato tumoral CA10
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2021-07-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
«Cáncer» es un término genérico que designa un amplio grupo de enfermedades que pueden afectar a cualquier parte del organismo; también se habla de «tumores» o «neoplasias» malignas.
La transformación maligna de una célula sana en una tumoral es un proceso complejo que no sólo implica cambios genéticos y epigenéticos que conllevan a la pérdida de control en la división, sino que también se producen modificaciones en otros genes cuyos productos pueden dar lugar a la aparición de antígenos específicos o asociados a tumores. Los carbohidratos como componentes mayoritarios de la membrana celular también sufren procesos de glicosilación incompleta o aberrante dando lugar a la aparición de antígenos carbohidratos asociados a tumores.
El carbohidrato tumoral A10 (Ca10) es una macromolécula de alto peso molecular que contiene el epítopo de naturaleza sacarídica definido por el anticuerpo monoclonal A10. Este epítopo de tipo carbohidrato se encuentra expresado en la superficie de membrana de células del tumor de Ehrlich (ET) y en tumores epiteliales humanos de origen glandular. En modelos murinos, la inmunización con células ET desvitalizadas genera una respuesta de anticuerpos IgM específicos frente a carbohidratos de la superficie de estas células, que median una protección frente al crecimiento de este tumor. Además, la resistencia natural frente al desarrollo del tumor de Ehrlich se correlaciona con los niveles de IgM natural frente carbohidratos de la superficie de las células ET. Esta inmunidad es posible transferirla de un animal a otro mediante inmunización pasiva, inoculando sueros procedentes de ratones inmunizados con células desvitalizadas o administrando el anticuerpo monoclonal A10...
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and neoplasms. The malignant transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is a complex process that not only involves genetic and epigenetic changes which lead to loss of control in division, but also changes in other genes whose products can lead to the appearance of specific or tumor-associated antigens. Carbohydrates, as the major components of the cell membrane, also presents incomplete or aberrant glycosylation processes, giving rise to the appearance of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens The A10 tumor carbohydrate (Ca10) is a high molecular weight macromolecule that contains the saccharide epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody A10. This carbohydrate epitope is expressed on the membrane surface of Ehrlich tumor cells (ET) and is associated with human glandular epithelial tumors. In murine models, immunization with devitalized ET produce an IgM response against tumor surface carbohydrates, associated with antitumor resistance against Ehrlich. Furthermore, natural resistance against ET tumor growth is correlated with the presence of natural IgM against Ehrlich surface carbohydrates. This immunity could be passively transferred to mice by inoculating sera from devitalized cells immunized mice or by administering the monoclonal antibody A10...
Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and neoplasms. The malignant transformation of a normal cell into a tumor cell is a complex process that not only involves genetic and epigenetic changes which lead to loss of control in division, but also changes in other genes whose products can lead to the appearance of specific or tumor-associated antigens. Carbohydrates, as the major components of the cell membrane, also presents incomplete or aberrant glycosylation processes, giving rise to the appearance of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens The A10 tumor carbohydrate (Ca10) is a high molecular weight macromolecule that contains the saccharide epitope defined by the monoclonal antibody A10. This carbohydrate epitope is expressed on the membrane surface of Ehrlich tumor cells (ET) and is associated with human glandular epithelial tumors. In murine models, immunization with devitalized ET produce an IgM response against tumor surface carbohydrates, associated with antitumor resistance against Ehrlich. Furthermore, natural resistance against ET tumor growth is correlated with the presence of natural IgM against Ehrlich surface carbohydrates. This immunity could be passively transferred to mice by inoculating sera from devitalized cells immunized mice or by administering the monoclonal antibody A10...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 16/12/2020